| 不同母质发育的酸性紫色土微生物群落结构对生物炭添加的响应 |
| 摘要点击 1394 全文点击 9 投稿时间：2025-07-07 修订日期：2025-10-14 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 酸性紫色土 交换性酸 盐基离子 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词 biochar acidic purple soil exchangeable acid base ions microbial community |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507099 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤微生物是陆地生态系统物质循环的核心，其在土壤中的群落组成、多样性和稳定性是评价土壤健康及可持续性的重要指标. 生物炭因具备独特的理化性质，在改良酸性紫色土方面展现出提升土壤肥力和调控土壤酸度等潜在优势，为探究生物炭对不同母质发育的酸性紫色土改良效果以及微生物群落结构的影响，采用室内培养的方法，选取广泛分布于四川盆地的沙溪庙组、夹关组、蓬莱镇组和遂宁组母质发育的4种酸性紫色土作为研究对象，添加等量生物炭进行63 d的室内培养，通过室内分析及高通量测序技术对土壤细菌和真菌群落进行测定，研究在相同条件下施用生物炭对不同母质发育的酸性紫色土的速效氮、盐基离子和微生物群落组成、多样性的影响. 结果表明：①生物炭添加下不同母质发育的酸性紫色土NO3--N和盐基离子含量均增加，而NH4+-N、交换性氢（QH+）和交换性铝（QAl3+）均降低. ②施用生物炭后，细菌α-多样性表现为遂宁组酸紫泥土最高，真菌α-多样性则是夹关组酸紫砂土最高. ③施用生物炭后，细菌群落中沙溪庙组酸紫壤土的芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度最高，鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）在遂宁组酸紫泥土中最为富集. 在真菌群落中，毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）在沙溪庙组酸紫壤土中相对丰度最高，镰刀菌属（Fusarium）在蓬莱镇组酸紫砂泥土中最为富集. 基于微生物网络特征分析，沙溪庙组酸紫壤土的细菌网络复杂性更高，而蓬莱镇组酸紫砂泥土的真菌网络复杂性更高. ④相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明，有机质（SOM）和全氮（TN）是细菌群落结构的主要影响因素，碳氮比（C/N）、SOM和速效磷（AP）则是真菌群落结构的主要影响因素. 不同母质发育的酸性紫色土因其物质组成及理化性质的差异，添加等量生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构差异较大，因此，不同酸性紫色土的改良和耕地地力提升应因土而异制定相应措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil microorganisms are central to the material cycle in terrestrial ecosystems， and their community composition， diversity， and stability are key indicators of soil health and sustainability. Due to its unique physicochemical properties， biochar has shown potential advantages in improving acidic purple soils by enhancing soil fertility and regulating soil acidity. To investigate the effects of biochar on the improvement and microbial community structure of acidic purple soils derived from different parent materials， an indoor incubation method was adopted. Four types of acidic purple soils widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin， derived from the Shaximiao Formation， Jiaguan Formation， Penglaitown Formation， and Suining Formation， were selected as research subjects. An equal amount of biochar was added to each soil type， followed by a 63-day indoor incubation. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were measured using indoor analysis and high-throughput sequencing. The study investigated the effects of biochar on available nitrogen， base cations， and the composition and diversity of microbial communities in different acidic purple soils under the same conditions. The results showed that： ①The contents of NO3--N and base cations increased in all acidic purple soils with biochar addition， while the contents of NH4+-N， exchangeable hydrogen （QH+）， and exchangeable aluminum （QAl3+） decreased. ②After biochar application， bacterial α-diversity was highest in the acidic purple soil from the Suining Formation， while fungal α-diversity was highest in the acidic purple sandy soil from the Jiaguan Formation. ③After biochar application， the relative abundance of Bacillus was highest in the acidic purple soil from the Shaximiao Formation， while Sphingomonas was most enriched in the acidic purple soil from the Suining Formation. In the fungal community， the relative abundance of Chaetomium was highest in the acidic purple soil from the Shaximiao Formation， and Fusarium was most enriched in the acidic purple sandy loam from the Penglaitown Formation. Based on microbial network feature analysis， the bacterial network in the acidic purple soil from the Shaximiao Formation was more complex， while the fungal network in the acidic purple sandy loam from the Penglaitown Formation was more complex. ④Correlation and redundancy analyses showed that soil organic matter （SOM） and total nitrogen （TN） were the main factors influencing the bacterial community structure， while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio （C/N）， SOM， and available phosphorus （AP） were the main factors influencing the fungal community structure.Due to the differences in their material composition and physicochemical properties， the addition of the same amount of biochar resulted in significant variations in the soil microbial community structure among the different acidic purple soils. Therefore， the improvement and farmland fertility enhancement of different acidic purple soils should be addressed with tailored， site-specific measures. |
