| 生物炭对不同酸化程度紫色土微生物群落结构的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1412 全文点击 21 投稿时间：2025-06-26 修订日期：2025-10-14 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 紫色土 酸化程度 微生物群落 微生物共现网络 |
| 英文关键词 biochar purple soil acidification level microbial community microbial co-occurrence network |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202506317 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生物炭作为土壤改良剂对提高土壤pH和促进微生物多样性具有重要作用. 通过室内培养实验结合高通量测序技术，探究生物炭添加对不同酸化程度紫色土壤pH、有机质含量及微生物群落结构的影响，旨在阐明紫色土在不同酸化条件下对生物炭输入的响应特征，为紫色土地力提升和可持续利用提供理论依据. 本实验按土样干重质量比的3%加入等量生物炭，经63 d室内培养，研究在不同酸化程度（T1重度酸化，pH=4.48；T2中度酸化，pH=4.90；T3轻度酸化，pH=5.82）紫色土pH、有机质和微生物群落多样性、群落组成变化的影响. 结果表明，①施用等量生物炭条件下，与实验前相比，各处理土壤pH有显著变化，T1、T2和T3处理pH分别上升0.09、0.34和0.37个单位（P<0.05）；有机质提高了70.13%~118.98%，以中度酸化紫色土提升最高. ②不同酸化程度的紫色土微生物群落结构明显不同，且酸化程度加深会降低微生物群落丰富度，土壤细菌丰富度（Chao1指数）及多样性（Shannon指数）的影响表现均为：T3>T2>T1；不同酸度紫色土壤真菌丰富度（Chao1指数）的影响表现为：T3>T2>T1，真菌多样性（Shannon指数）的影响表现为：T3>T1>T2. ③生物炭添加下不同酸化程度紫色土细菌优势群落均有变形菌门和绿弯菌门，真菌优势群落均为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门. ④生物炭添加改变了不同酸度紫色土微生物群落结构，微生物优势种群随土壤pH梯度变化而改变，在中性酸度条件下形成更复杂稳定的互作网络. ⑤冗余分析显示，pH、TN、AP、C/N和β-葡萄糖苷酶是调节细菌群落结构的主要因素，TN、C/N、纤维二糖水解酶和蔗糖酶是调节真菌群落结构的主要因素. 综上，生物炭施用可提升土壤pH、有机质和全氮等养分含量并改变微生物群落演替规律和网络特征，促进土壤生态健康. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Biochar， as a soil amendment， plays an important role in increasing soil pH and promoting microbial diversity. An indoor incubation experiment combined with high-throughput sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar addition on soil pH， organic matter content， and microbial community structure in purple soils with different acidification degrees， aiming to elucidate the response characteristics of purple soils to biochar input under varying acidification conditions and to provide a theoretical basis for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable utilization of purple soils. Biochar was added at 3% of the dry soil weight and incubated for 63 days under laboratory conditions. The treatments included three acidification levels： T1， severe acidification （pH=4.48）； T2， moderate acidification （pH=4.90）； and T3， slight acidification （pH=5.82）. The results showed that： ① Under equal biochar application， compared with pre-incubation values， soil pH increased significantly in all treatments by 0.09， 0.34， and 0.37 units for T1， T2， and T3， respectively （P<0.05）. Organic matter increased by 70.13%-118.98%， with the highest increase observed in moderately acidified soil. ② Microbial community structures differed markedly among the three acidification levels， and greater acidification reduced microbial richness. Both bacterial richness （Chao1） and diversity （Shannon） followed the order T3>T2>T1； fungal richness （Chao1） followed T3>T2>T1， while fungal diversity （Shannon） followed T3>T1>T2. ③ The dominant bacterial phyla in all treatments were Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi， while the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota， Basidiomycota， and Mortierellomycota. ④ Biochar addition altered microbial community structures across different acidification levels， with dominant microbial taxa shifting along the soil pH gradient and more complex and stable co-occurrence networks forming under near-neutral conditions. ⑤ Redundancy analysis revealed that pH， TN， AP， C/N， and β-glucosidase were the main factors shaping bacterial community structure， whereas TN， C/N， cellobiohydrolase， and sucrase were the main factors influencing fungal community structure. In conclusion， biochar application improved soil pH， organic matter， and total nitrogen contents； altered microbial community succession and network characteristics； and thereby enhanced soil ecological health. |
