| 酿酒污泥对高粱根际土壤质量及碳循环功能基因的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1410 全文点击 15 投稿时间：2025-07-01 修订日期：2025-10-10 |
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| 中文关键词 酿酒污泥（DSS） 施用方式 土壤养分 碳循环 功能基因 |
| 英文关键词 distillery sewage sludge（DSS） application method soil nutrients carbon cycling functional genes |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507005 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 白酒酿造过程中产生的大量酿酒污泥（DSS）作为典型有机副产物，其农业资源化利用前景受到广泛关注. 然而，DSS的不同施用方式对其在根际土壤中的生态作用机制尚不清晰. 为此，以酿酒专用高粱根际土壤为研究对象，综合分析DSS在4种不同施用方式[未施肥的对照（CK）、球形底施（BF）、球形侧施（LF）和粉末混施（MF）]下对高粱根际土壤中养分、酶活性、碳功能微生物群落结构及碳循环功能基因表达的综合影响. 结果表明，与CK相比，3种施肥方式（BF、LF和MF）均提高了高粱根际土壤的有机质（SOM）、碱解氮（AN）、铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量，其中MF处理效果最佳，SOM含量提升幅度达114%（P<0.001）；且DSS施用可不同程度增加土壤酶活性，其中脲酶（URE）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性分别提升幅度为41.55%~174.47%和2.83%~30.41%. 宏基因组分析表明，DSS施用调节了碳功能微生物的群落组成和多样性，促使土壤中碳降解、碳固定及甲烷代谢相关功能基因表达水平整体上升. 特别是MF处理显著提高了纤维素降解（bglX）及碳固定和碳降解通路中关键的基因丰度，而LF处理则促进CO氧化途径（coxL）及甲烷代谢功能基因的表达. 随机森林模型分析进一步揭示，土壤氮素和交换性钙镁离子在DSS作用下显著驱动了碳循环功能基因的表达变化. 综上所述，DSS不同施用方式可通过调节土壤养分环境与微生物群落结构，进而驱动碳循环功能基因的表达增强，并明确了MF处理有效提升了土壤质量与碳循环功能基因的表达，可为白酒副产物在循环农业中的高效利用及土壤生态功能提升提供理论依据与机制支撑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Distillery sewage sludge （DSS）， a typical organic byproduct generated during the production of Chinese Baijiu， has attracted increasing attention for its potential in agricultural resource utilization. However， the ecological effects of different DSS application methods on rhizosphere soil remain unclear. Using brewing sorghum rhizosphere soil as the research object， four application modes （unfertilized control， CK； spherical basal application， BF； spherical lateral application， LF； and powdered mixed application， MF） were comparatively evaluated for their impacts on soil nutrients， enzyme activities， carbon-functional microbial communities， and carbon-cycling functional gene expression. The results showed that， compared with CK， all three DSS treatments （BF， LF， and MF） significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter （SOM）， available nitrogen （AN）， ammonium nitrogen （NH4+-N）， and nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N）， with MF achieving the most pronounced effect， raising SOM by 114% （P<0.001）. Meanwhile， DSS application also enhanced soil enzyme activities to varying degrees， with urease （URE） and catalase （CAT） activities increasing by 41.55%-174.47% and 2.83%-30.41%， respectively. Metagenomic analysis revealed that DSS application altered the composition and diversity of carbon-functional microbial communities and elevated the overall expression levels of genes related to carbon degradation， carbon fixation， and methane metabolism. Specifically， MF significantly enhanced the abundance of key genes such as bglX involved in cellulose degradation and those in carbon fixation and degradation pathways， whereas LF promoted the expression of coxL involved in CO oxidation and methane oxidation pathways. Further analysis using a random forest model indicated that soil nitrogen levels and exchangeable Ca and Mg ions under DSS application significantly influenced the expression of carbon cycling functional genes. In conclusion， different DSS application methods regulate the soil nutrient environment and microbial community structure， thereby enhancing the expression of carbon cycling functional genes. Among them， MF was identified as the most effective strategy for improving soil quality and microbial carbon metabolism potential. This study provides theoretical support and mechanistic insight for the efficient utilization of distillery byproducts in circular agriculture and the enhancement of soil ecological functions. |
