| 广西某水源地水土重金属空间分布与生态风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 540 全文点击 24 投稿时间：2025-08-06 修订日期：2025-09-30 |
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| 中文关键词 水土重金属 空间分布 生态风险 水源地 大同江 广西 |
| 英文关键词 heavy metals in soil and water spatial distribution ecological risk water source area Datong River Guangxi |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202508062 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 赵武强 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205 | zwqless@126.com | | 胡俊良 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205 | | | 李剑锋 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205
辽宁师范大学地理科学学院, 大连 116029 | 317649474@qq.com | | 李堃 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205 | | | 程顺波 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205 | | | 汤朝阳 | 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 武汉 430205
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 武汉 430205 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探讨水源地保护区水土重金属污染、生态风险及溯源问题，采集广西大同江源头保护区1~3级水系表层土壤和水体样品254件和66件，联用单项污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、潜在生态风险指数及主成分分析法对其开展系统地评价工作. 结果表明：研究区土壤重金属平均含量由高到低依次为：Cr>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Cd>Hg，16件样品单元素超过《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618-2018）筛选值（pH<5.5）；河水中不同重金属元素均值远低于地表I类水标准. 大同江干流土壤中Cu、Cd和Hg具有分段富集的规律，受到母岩（黄洞口组1~4段）自然风化过程的控制；少数样品存在Cr、As、Pb及Cu、Hg明显偏高的现象，可以与村镇及农田对应；六典金矿区出现多处As污染，系为矿山开发导致. 土壤样品内梅罗综合污染指数（PN）为0.11~10.54，处于警戒值、轻度污染的样品占比为33.86%和49.61%；河水单项污染指数整体远低于1，PN为0.144~1.733，位于安全区的样本占比为96.96%；对比显示，土壤背景值的选取问题是造成上述差异的根本原因. 溯源分析揭示区内Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和Cr主要为自然源，Cd和Hg主要为生活-农业源，而As主要为矿业源. 总之，广西大同江源头保护区内重金属富集主要受控于基岩风化成土过程，整体处于清洁、无污染的状态. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the issues of heavy metal pollution in soil and water， ecological risks， and pollution source identification in the water source protection area， 254 surface soil samples and 66 water samples were collected from the 1st to 3rd grade water systems in the source protection area of the Datong River， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A systematic assessment was conducted on these samples by integrating the single pollution index， Nemerow comprehensive pollution index， potential ecological risk index， and principal component analysis. The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in the soil of the study area followed the order： Cr>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Cd>Hg. Among them， 16 samples exceeded the screening values（pH<5.5） specified in the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land（GB 15618-2018）. The average contents of various heavy metals in river water were much lower than the standards for Class I surface water. In the soil of the main stream of Datong River， Cu， Cd， and Hg exhibited a pattern of segmented enrichment， which was controlled by the natural weathering process of parent rocks（Members 1-4 of the Huangdongkou Formation）. A small number of samples showed significantly high concentrations of Cr， As， Pb， as well as Cu and Hg， which could be correlated with the distribution of villages， towns， and farmlands. Multiple occurrences of As pollution were detected in the Liudian gold mining area， which were attributed to mining activities. For the soil samples， the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index（PN） ranged from 0.11 to 10.54， with samples at the warning level and mild pollution level accounting for 33.86% and 49.61%， respectively. For the river water samples， the single pollution indices were generally far below 1， and the PN values ranged from 0.144 to 1.733， with 96.96% of the samples falling into the safe category. Comparative analysis indicated that the selection of soil background values was the fundamental cause of the aforementioned differences. Source identification analysis revealed that Cu， Pb， Zn， Ni， and Cr in the study area were mainly from natural sources； Cd and Hg were primarily from domestic-agricultural sources； and As was mainly from mining sources. In conclusion， the enrichment of heavy metals in the source protection area of the Datong River， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， is mainly controlled by the weathering of bedrock and soil-forming processes， and the overall quality of the study area is in a clean and unpolluted state. |
