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长江干流下游芜湖至南京段水体有机微污染物的优控筛查
摘要点击 592  全文点击 13  投稿时间:2025-07-10  修订日期:2025-10-15
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中文关键词  长江干流下游  芜湖至南京段  水体  有机微污染物(OMPs)  优控筛查  全氟和多氟烷基类物质(PFASs)
英文关键词  lower reaches of the Yangtze River mainstream  the section from Wuhu to Nanjing  water body  organic micropollutants(OMPs)  priority control screening  per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202507139
作者单位E-mail
岑模珊 中国水利水电科学研究院水生态环境研究所, 北京 100038
中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
cenms2025@163.com 
曾艳 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081  
王雨春 中国水利水电科学研究院水生态环境研究所, 北京 100038 wangyc@iwhr.com 
张静 生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心, 武汉 430010  
安莹 上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306  
林田 上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306  
王敬富 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081  
陈敬安 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081  
中文摘要
      化学品的种类和排放量不断增加,给水生生态系统带来了巨大威胁. 由于污染物种类繁杂、数量庞大,难以实现全面监测和治理. 因此,筛选出对水生生态系统危害大的优先污染物是制定污染物防控措施的关键. 长江干流下游芜湖至南京段是长江经济带的核心组成部分,经济增长带来的水污染问题可能导致水体有机微污染物(OMPs)污染增加,进而威胁生态系统安全. 对长江干流芜湖至南京段197种OMPs进行检测,共有150种污染物检出,根据污染物的危害效应、发生情况和风险评价顺序进行筛选. 由污染物的环境持久性、生物累积性、生态毒性确定了危害潜力(HP),由污染物的中位浓度及检出率确定了暴露潜力(EP),计算了优先级指数(PI). 结果表明,多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的HP值较高,甜味剂(SAs)的HP值较低. SAs的EP值最高,PBDEs的EP值最低. 风险评估表明34种污染物对生态系统构成威胁. 根据PI指数,生成了11种高优先级的污染物清单,在高优先级污染物中,PFASs占比高达54.5%,主要来源于工业排放. 长江干流芜湖至南京段未来生态环境监测和监管建议特别关注PFOA、PFNA、PFOS、10∶2 FTCA、HFPO-TA、8∶2 FTCA、BDE194、BDE209、BDE206、DEHP和DBDPE,中优先级的污染物也需要引起重视,建议加强对沿江氟化工、电镀及纺织企业废水的监管与治理,以控制PFASs的排放.
英文摘要
      The types and emissions of chemicals are constantly increasing, posing a huge threat to aquatic ecosystems. Given the complexity and large quantity of pollutants, it is difficult to achieve comprehensive monitoring and control. Therefore, screening out the priority pollutants that pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems is the key to formulating pollution control measures. The section of the Yangtze River's main stream from Wuhu to Nanjing is a core component of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The water pollution problems caused by economic growth may lead to an increase in organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the water bodies, thereby threatening the ecological security. This study detected 197 OMPs in the mainstream of the Yangtze River from Wuhu to Nanjing, with 150 contaminants identified. Priority screening was conducted based on hazard effects, occurrence levels, and risk prioritization. The hazard potential (HP) was determined based on the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicity of pollutants. The exposure potential (EP) was determined by the median concentration and detection rate of pollutants, and the priority index (PI) was calculated. The results showed that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had high HP values, while sweeteners (SAs) had low HP values. SAs exhibited the highest EP values, whereas PBDEs had the lowest EP values. Risk assessment indicated that 34 pollutants posed a threat to the ecosystem. Based on the PI index, a list of 11 high-priority pollutants was generated. Among the high-priority pollutants, PFASs accounted for as high as 54.5%. PFASs mainly originated from industrial emissions. For future ecological environment monitoring and regulation in the Wuhu-Nanjing section of the Yangtze River mainstream, special attention should be paid to PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, 10∶2 FTCA, HFPO-TA, 8∶2 FTCA, BDE194, BDE209, BDE206, DEHP, and DBDPE. Pollutants with medium priority also require attention. It is suggested that stricter supervision and treatment measures should be implemented for the wastewater from fluorine chemical, electroplating, and textile enterprises along the river, in order to control the emission of PFASs.

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