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土地利用强度对紫色土微生物群落和功能特征的影响
摘要点击 249  全文点击 7  投稿时间:2025-03-06  修订日期:2025-05-08
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中文关键词  土地利用强度  紫色土  微生物群落结构  多样性  高通量测序  功能预测  可持续管理
英文关键词  land use intensity  purple soil  microbial community structure  diversity  high-throughput sequencing  function prediction  sustainable management
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202503059
作者单位E-mail
徐强 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 994924873@qq.com 
胡永庆 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715  
张靖晞 重庆市合川区生态环境监测站, 重庆 401500  
王子芳 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715  
代文才 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715  
严宁珍 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715  
高明 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 gaoming@swu.edu.cn 
中文摘要
      土壤微生物群落结构和功能是维持土壤健康、生产力及调控全球碳氮循环的关键因素. 为阐明不同土地利用强度对紫色土微生物群落结构及功能的调控机制,通过长期田间试验,结合高通量测序及功能预测,研究了休闲(CK)、低强度利用(P1)、低中强度利用(P2)、中强度利用(P3)、中高强度利用(P4)和高强度利用(P5)这6个处理的土壤养分特征、微生物多样性、微生物群落结构及功能的变化. 结果表明:①土地利用强度增强(P5)导致土壤pH和有机质显著降低(P<0.05),但提升速效养分含量(P<0.05),其中深层土壤(20~40 cm)碱解氮增幅(147%)显著高于表层(77%),表明土地利用强度对深层土壤养分动态的影响更为显著;②随利用强度增加,细菌群落的αβ多样性呈先增后降趋势,P5处理的土壤细菌特异性ASVs较CK(6 633 ASVs)下降68%(2 126 ASVs),群落结构趋于单一化,优势菌门由放线菌门向绿弯菌门转变,属水平上FCPS473相对丰度显著升高;③功能预测显示,高强度利用(P5)促使防御机制和次级代谢功能基因丰度显著增强,而能量转化等基础代谢功能保持稳定,同时微生物网络分析表明,高强度利用导致网络复杂性降低,群落功能冗余性下降. 综上,高强度土地利用通过酸化、养分失衡及有机质流失使紫色土微生物多样性丧失与功能抗逆化,建议优化施肥制度与耕作模式,将土地利用强度控制在P2水平并通过有机肥和无机肥配施以维持土壤生态健康.
英文摘要
      Soil microbial community structure and function are critical factors in maintaining soil health, productivity, and regulating global carbon and nitrogen cycles. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of land use intensity on microbial community structure and function in purple soil, a long-term field experiment was conducted, integrating high-throughput sequencing and functional prediction. Six treatments were investigated: fallow (CK), low-intensity (P1), low-moderate intensity (P2), moderate-intensity (P3), moderate-high intensity (P4), and high-intensity (P5) utilization. The study analyzed changes in soil nutrient characteristics, microbial diversity, community structure, and function. The results demonstrated that: ① High-intensity land use (P5) significantly reduced soil pH and organic matter content (P < 0.05) but increased available nutrient levels (P < 0.05). Notably, the increment of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in deep soil (20-40 cm) under P5 (147%) was significantly higher than that in surface soil (77%), indicating a more pronounced impact of land use intensity on deep soil nutrient dynamics. ② As land use intensity increased, bacterial α and β diversity indices initially increased and then decreased. The number of unique bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in P2 decreased by 68% (2 126 ASVs) compared to that in CK (6 633 ASVs), reflecting a trend toward community homogenization. Dominant phyla shifted from Actinobacteriota to Chloroflexi, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of FCPS473 at the genus level.③ Functional prediction revealed that high-intensity utilization (P5) significantly enhanced the abundance of defense mechanisms and secondary metabolic genes, while core metabolic functions (e.g., energy conversion) remained stable. Microbial network analysis further indicated reduced network complexity (31% fewer edges) and diminished functional redundancy under P5. In conclusion, high-intensity land use drives microbial diversity loss and functional specialization in purple soil through acidification, nutrient imbalance, and organic matter depletion. Optimizing fertilization regimes and cropping patterns, particularly by controlling land use intensity at the P2 level and integrating organic-inorganic fertilizer applications, is recommended to sustain soil ecological health.

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