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土壤中不同类型微塑料对生菜氮吸收和代谢的影响
摘要点击 999  全文点击 82  投稿时间:2024-04-18  修订日期:2024-07-19
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中文关键词  微塑料类型  土壤污染  生态风险  蔬菜养分吸收  氮代谢  抗氧化酶
英文关键词  types of microplastics  soil contamination  ecological risk  nutrient uptake by vegetable  nitrogen metabolism  antioxidant enzymes
DOI    10.13227/j.hjkx.20250654
作者单位E-mail
张婷婷 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044 tingtzhang0613@163.com 
罗小三 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044 xsluo@nuist.edu.cn 
陈志怀 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
童欣 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
刘欣 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
郭豪华 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
范佳毅 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
姚雪雯 南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院, 江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044  
中文摘要
      为揭示不同类型微塑料(粒径<5 mm)对作物氮吸收和代谢的影响差异,选用可降解微塑料聚乳酸(PLA)和聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)以及难降解微塑料聚乙烯(PE)分别进行3种质量分数处理(0.5%、1%和3%)的蔬菜盆栽试验. 研究了土壤-生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)系统无机氮含量、作物生长、氮吸收和氮代谢酶活性对土壤微塑料污染的响应. 结果表明,微塑料显著限制了土壤有机碳(SOC)分解、生菜硝态氮(NO3--N)还原和累积,提高了土壤C/N和铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量. PE处理下土壤全氮(TN)含量比PLA和PBAT处理分别低0.25~0.52 g·kg-1和0.33~0.52 g·kg-1. PBAT处理时生菜干重和氮累计吸收量显著低于PLA和PE处理(P<0.05). 对于微塑料的输入量影响,1%处理时生菜抗氧化酶活性和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性最低且丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,其中NR活性和MDA含量分别是对照的15.19%~42.01%和2.68~3.11倍. 机制方面,生菜氮吸收与土壤SOC极显著负相关(P<0.01). 综上,土壤中的微塑料输入会降低生菜的氮代谢酶活性,可降解的PBAT处理显著降低生菜氮吸收量,中度污染时对生菜的氧化损伤效应更强.
英文摘要
      To illuminate the differences in the effects of different types of microplastics (MPs, size<5 mm) on crop nitrogen absorption and metabolism, the degradable polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) and undegradable polyethylene (PE) were selected for vegetable pot experiments with three doses (0.5%, 1%, and 3%). The responses of inorganic nitrogen content, plant growth, nitrogen absorption, and metabolism enzyme activity to soil MPs pollution in the soil-lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) system was investigated. The results showed that MPs significantly hindered the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) and reduction and accumulation of nitrate (NO3--N) in lettuce, while increasing soil C/N and ammonium (NH4+-N) content. The total nitrogen (TN) content of soil under the PE treatment was lower than that of the PLA and PBAT treatments for 0.25-0.52 g·kg-1 and 0.33-0.52 g·kg-1, respectively. PBAT treated lettuce had significantly lower dry weight and accumulated N uptake compared to those in the PLA and PE treatments (P<0.05). The 1% dose resulted in the lowest antioxidant enzyme and nitrate reductase (NR) activities and the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content, with NR activity and MDA content being 15.19%-42.0% and 2.68-3.11 times of the control, respectively. Regarding to the mechanism, N uptake by lettuce was significantly negatively correlated with SOC (P<0.01). In summary, the MPs input to soil can reduce the activity of N metabolism enzymes in lettuce. The degradable PBAT significantly reduced the N uptake, and the oxidative damage to lettuce was greater under moderate pollution.

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