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面向土地利用的市政污泥堆肥重金属安全性研究进展
摘要点击 789  全文点击 80  投稿时间:2024-05-07  修订日期:2024-07-24
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中文关键词  市政污泥  重金属  好氧堆肥  土地利用  安全性
英文关键词  municipal sludge  heavy metals  aerobic composting  land utilization  safety
DOI    10.13227/j.hjkx.20250652
作者单位E-mail
许玉玉 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
中央民族大学北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心, 北京 100081 
22302529@muc.edu.cn 
张子晨 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081  
文龙杰 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081  
杨白驹 北京市污染源管理事务中心, 北京 100089  
侯雷 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
北京市污染源管理事务中心, 北京 100089 
 
张冰 中央民族大学北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心, 北京 100081  
陈坦 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
中央民族大学北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心, 北京 100081 
chentan05@tsinghua.org.cn 
杨婷 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081 ty672@muc.edu.cn 
中文摘要
      市政污泥中重金属的溶出释放是制约市政污泥堆肥-土地利用的关键性限制因素. 为系统了解市政污泥好氧堆肥-土地利用的重金属安全性,总结了我国典型市政污泥的重金属含量水平,分析了不同种类重金属在堆肥前后总量、价态和赋存形态变化,回顾了市政污泥堆肥产品施用后重金属的短期和长期环境行为规律. 我国市政污泥中ω(As)、 ω(Cd)、 ω(Cr)、 ω(Cu)、 ω(Hg)、 ω(Ni)、 ω(Pb)和ω(Zn)的平均值分别为21.78、2.41、108.57、231.09、2.35、67.57、55.03和630.24 mg·kg-1,均未超过国家标准GB 4284-2018的A级污泥产物含量限值且近30 a呈逐渐下降趋势. 堆肥过程中掺杂辅料,不筛分的市政污泥堆肥产品中重金属含量下降. 有机物腐殖化可增强重金属络合,促进重金属转化为更稳定的形式,从而抑制其迁移性、浸出性和生物利用度. 市政污泥堆肥产品土地利用过程中,会逐渐提高土壤中的重金属含量,为保障土壤质量和农产品安全需考虑控制施用量和连续施用年限. 施用后堆肥产品中的重金属可能在土壤中淋溶迁移,但文献报道这一过程对环境质量、人类健康、作物品质和产量以及土壤肥力的风险很小. 由于泥质差异,市政污泥堆肥产品长期土地利用的重金属安全性仍值得关注,应根据泥质和土地利用状况调整连续施用年限.
英文摘要
      The leaching and release of heavy metals in municipal sludge pose critical constraints on the land utilization of municipal sludge after composting. To comprehensively understand the safety of heavy metals during land utilization of municipal sludge after composting, in this work, the heavy metal content levels of typical municipal sludge in China were summarized; the changes in the total amount, valence, and speciation forms of different types of heavy metals before and after composting were analyzed; and the short-term and long-term environmental behavior patterns of heavy metals after the application of municipal sludge composting products were reviewed. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in municipal sludge in China were 21.78, 2.41, 108.57, 231.09, 2.35, 67.57, 55.03, and 630.24 mg·kg-1, respectively, which remained within the permissible limits outlined in the China national standard GB 4284-2018 for Class A sludge products and exhibited a declining trend over the past three decades. During the composting process, the heavy metal content in the non-screened municipal sludge compost products decreased due to mixing auxiliary materials. Moreover, the humification of organic matter served to enhance heavy metal chelation, facilitating their conversion into more stable forms and thereby curtailing their mobility, leachability, and biological availability. The land utilization of municipal sludge compost products can gradually elevate the heavy metal content in soil, necessitating a judicious consideration of both application volumes and the duration of continuous usage to uphold soil quality and agricultural product safety. The heavy metals in municipal sludge compost products may undergo leaching and migration during land utilization, while literatures suggest minimal risks of this process to environmental quality, human health, crop yields, and soil fertility. Owing to variations in municipal sludge characteristics, the long-term safety implications of heavy metals in the land utilization of municipal sludge compost products warrant ongoing scrutiny; therefore, adjustments to the duration of continuous application should be mandated in accordance with specific sludge properties and land utilization conditions.

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