| 我国地表水体微塑料的流域分布特征和生态风险 |
| 摘要点击 368 全文点击 46 投稿时间：2024-03-24 修订日期：2024-07-07 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 地表水体 流域分布 生态风险 胡焕庸线 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） surface water bodies basin distribution ecological risk HU Huan-yong Line |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为全面了解我国地表水体中微塑料分布状况并阐明其生态风险,收集整理2014~2023年我国河流、湖库及入海河口等地表水体数据,利用潜在生态风险指数法对我国十大流域的地表水体微塑料生态风险进行综合评价.结果表明,我国不同流域河流、湖库和入海河口均受到微塑料污染,其主要材质为聚丙烯和聚乙烯,以无色透明纤维和碎片为主,尺寸大都在1 mm以下,但微塑料丰度差异明显.各流域的河流、湖库和入海河口表层水中的微塑料丰度中位值范围分别为628~35 804、1~4 738和869~792 100 items·m-3；沉积物中的微塑料丰度中位值范围分别为61~1 531、19~1 236和120~1 228 items·kg-1.从各流域河流的微塑料总潜在生态风险指数（PERItot）来看,海河流域处于高生态风险（Ⅳ级）,而黄河和长江流域则均处于中生态风险（III级）.海河流域河流的PERItot绝大部分来自聚氨酯的贡献,最高贡献率达99.88%,而黄河和长江流域河流和湖库PERItot、黄河流域入海河口表层水PERItot的主要贡献者分别为聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯.胡焕庸线东南侧地表水体微塑料污染严重,而西北侧地表水体微塑料的研究报道较少,污染状况尚不明晰.不同地域地表水体微塑料丰度与人口密度、当地的国内生产总值都呈显著正相关（P<0.05）.研究显示了我国地表水体微塑料的流域分布特征和生态风险,可为地表水体微塑料污染防治提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To gain a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of microplastics in surface waters in China and clarify the related ecological risks, data of surface water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries in China from 2014 to 2023 were collected, and the potential ecological risk index method was used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risk of microplastics in surface water bodies of ten major basins in China. The results showed that the rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries in different basins of China were all polluted by microplastics. The main materials were polypropylene and polyethylene, mainly colorless transparent fibers and fragments, and the size was mostly <1 mm, but the abundance of microplastics was significantly different. The median abundance of microplastics in the surface water of rivers, lakes, and estuaries in each basin ranged from 628 to 35 804, 1 to 4 738, and 869 to 792 100 items·m-3, respectively. The median abundance of microplastics in sediments ranged from 61 to 1 531, 19 to 1 236, and 120 to 1 228 items·kg-1, respectively. From the total potential ecological risk index （PERItot） of microplastics in rivers, the Haihe River Basin was at high ecological risk （level Ⅳ）, while the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin were at medium ecological risk （level Ⅲ）. The majority of PERItot in the rivers of the Haihe River Basin came from polyurethane, with a highest contribution rate of 99.88%, while the main contributors to the PERItot of rivers and lakes in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River Basin and the PERItot of the surface water in the Yellow River Estuary were polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, respectively. Microplastic pollution on the surface water bodies of the southeast side of HU Huan-yong Line was crucial, whereas a few research reports were available on microplastics in the surface water bodies on the northwest side, and the pollution status remained unclear. The abundance of microplastics in surface water bodies in different regions was significantly positively correlated with the population density and local gross domestic product （P<0.05）. The study shows the basin distribution characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in surface water bodies in China, which can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution in surface water bodies. |
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