| 瓶装水中微塑料与邻苯二甲酸酯的含量及健康风险 |
| 摘要点击 2225 全文点击 263 投稿时间：2023-10-25 修订日期：2024-01-18 |
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| 中文关键词 瓶装水 微塑料（MPs） 邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs） 迁移 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 bottled water microplastics（MPs） phthalate esters（PAEs） migrate health risks |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究瓶装水中微塑料（MPs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的含量及健康风险.采用玫瑰孟加拉红染色法-立体显微镜对MPs进行定量分析,使用气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）对7种PAEs进行定性及定量检测,对MPs日摄入量进行了估计,并运用健康风险评价模型对PAEs的致癌风险和非致癌风险进行了评价.结果表明,21种瓶装水中MPs丰度为48 ~216 n·L-1（中位数为88 n·L-1）；MPs形状大部分（72.1%）呈纤维状,碎片状仅占27.9%；小尺寸（10~50 μm）MPs的平均占比为33.9%,大尺寸MPs（>500 μm）的平均占比为4.3%；大部分MPs为蓝色. 21种瓶装水中ρ(∑PAEs)为1.15~2.47 μg·L-1（平均值为1.62 μg·L-1）,其中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的检出率为100%,邻苯二甲酸丁酯（BBP）和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DNOP）检出率较低.DBP、DEHP和DEP浓度均低于我国饮用水标准限值. 60℃ 10 d迁移条件下ρ(∑PAEs)（平均值为1.33 μg·L-1）,其中迁移出的DBP和DEHP含量均在允许范围内.7种PAEs在瓶身、瓶盖中均被检出,瓶身中DEHP的平均添加量最高,而瓶盖中DBP最高.估计人类不同年龄段通过饮用瓶装水的MPs摄入量（EDI）为：成人2.87 n·（kg·d）-1、儿童3.87 n·（kg·d）-1和婴儿5.85 n·（kg·d）-1.健康风险评价结果显示,21种瓶装水样品及迁移实验条件下DEHP的致癌风险都小于最大可接受风险水平（1×10-6）,且PAEs的非致癌风险指数（HIs）均小于１,表明不会对人体产生非致癌风险,但婴儿、儿童的风险值高于成人. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the content and health risks of microplastics （MPs） and phthalate esters （PAEs） in bottled water, a quantitative analysis of MPs was conducted by using Rose Bengal staining and stereomicroscopy. Seven PAEs were quantified by using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. The daily intake of MPs was estimated and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs were evaluated through a health risk assessment model. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in 21 bottled waters ranged from 48 n·L-1 to 216 n·L-1 （with the median abundance of 88 n·L-1）. The majority （72.1%） of MPs were fibrous in shape, and fragments accounted for only 27.9%. The average proportion of small-sized （10-50 μm） MPs was 33.9%, and that of large-sized MPs （>500 μm） was 4.3%. Most MPs were blue. The ∑(PAEs) in bottled water was 1.15-2.47 μg·L-1 （average 1.62 μg·L-1）. PAEs detected with high frequencies （100%） included dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, diisobutyl phthalate （DIBP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, while the detection frequencies of butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DNOP） were relatively low. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DEP were all below the standard limits for drinking water in China. The ∑(PAEs) in the migration experiments was 0.61-2.04 μg·L-1 （average 1.33 μg·L-1）. The migration amounts of DBP and DEHP were also within the allowable range under the condition of 60℃ for 10 days. Seven PAEs were detected in both the bottles and caps, and the average content of DEHP in bottles was the highest, while DBP had the highest content in caps. The estimated intake of MPs （EDI） by drinking bottled water in different age groups of humans was 2.87 n·（kg·d）-1 for adults, 3.87 n·（kg·d）-1 for children, and 5.85 n·（kg·d）-1 for infants. The carcinogenic risks of DEHP in 21 bottled water samples and the migration test were less than the maximum acceptable risk level （1×10-6）, and the non-carcinogenic risk indices （HIs） of PAEs were all less than 1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk to humans； however, the risk value of infants and children was higher than that of adults and should not be ignored. |
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