| 施用生物炭对麦田土壤细菌群落多样性和冬小麦生长的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1364 全文点击 371 投稿时间：2022-07-12 修订日期：2022-09-01 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 细菌群落多样性 作物生长 冬小麦 土壤理化性质 |
| 英文关键词 biochar bacterial community diversity crop growth winter wheat soil physicochemical properties |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过长期田间定位试验研究土壤细菌群落的多样性及作物生长对施用生物炭的响应,为生物炭在农田中的合理应用提供科学依据.以冬小麦为研究对象,设置生物炭施加量为0(B0对照)、5(B1)、10(B2)和20 t·hm-2(B3)这4个处理,结合Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术探究不同生物炭施用量对冬小麦扬花期和成熟期土壤理化性质、土壤细菌群落多样性和作物生长的影响.结果表明,土壤含水量、pH值、土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮含量、冬小麦生物量、氮吸收和产量随着生物炭施用量的增加均表现出增加趋势.高通量测序结果得出B2处理显著降低了扬花期细菌群落α多样性;土壤细菌群落组成对不同施用量的生物炭和物候期的总体响应在分类上一致,本研究以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门(相对丰度＞5%),酸杆菌门的相对丰度下降,但随着生物炭的施用,变形菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度增加.冗余分析、共现网络分析和偏最小二乘路径模型分析结果表明,细菌群落组成与土壤硝态氮和全氮等环境因子密切相关,B2和B3处理下16S操作分类单元间的平均连通性(16.966和14.600)高于B0处理,土壤细菌群落的变化(89.1%)主要受生物炭施用量和采样时期的影响;而对了冬小麦的生长动态变化影响较小(0.077).综上,生物炭施用7 a后能调节土壤细菌群落变化和促进作物生长,建议在半干旱农业地区施用10~20 t·hm-2生物炭以实现农业可持续发展. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A long-term field experiment was conducted to study the diversity of soil bacterial communities and the response of crop growth to biochar application, in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational application of biochar in agricultural fields. Four treatments were applied at 0 (B0 blank), 5 (B1), 10 (B2), and 20 t·hm-2(B3) to investigate the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, soil bacterial community diversity, and growth of winter wheat using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that soil water content, pH value, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen content, winter wheat biomass, nitrogen uptake, and yield showed an increasing trend with the increase in biochar amount. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the B2 treatment significantly reduced the alpha diversity of the bacterial community at the flowering stage. The overall response of soil bacterial community composition to different application rates of biochar and phenological phases was taxonomically consistent. In this study, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased, but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased with biochar application. The results of redundancy analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and PLS-PM analysis indicated that bacterial community compositions were closely associated with soil parameters such as soil nitrate and total nitrogen. The average connectivity between 16S OTUs was higher under the B2 and B3 treatments (16.966 and 14.600) than under the B0 treatment. The variation in soil bacterial community (89.1%) was regulated by biochar and sampling period and partly explained the changes in the growth dynamics of winter wheat (0.077). In conclusion, biochar application could regulate the changes in the soil bacterial community and promote crop growth after seven years of application. It is suggested that 10-20 t·hm-2 biochar should be applied in semi-arid agricultural areas to achieve sustainable agricultural development. |
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