| 江苏产区大蒜中邻苯二甲酸酯含量检测及溯源分析 |
| 摘要点击 2372 全文点击 889 投稿时间：2022-04-23 修订日期：2022-05-27 |
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| 中文关键词 大蒜 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs) 农膜 污染土壤 积累 |
| 英文关键词 garlic phthalic acid esters (PAEs) agricultural film contaminated soil accumulation |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王亚 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 镇江 212013 | yawang@jaas.ac.cn | | 肖霞霞 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
江苏海洋大学江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室, 连云港 222005 | | | 杨云 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
江苏海洋大学江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室, 连云港 222005 | | | 冯发运 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 宋立晓 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 陈小龙 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 孙星 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 李勇 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 曾晓萍 | 江苏省农业技术推广总站, 南京 210000 | 176581875@qq.com | | 马金骏 | 江苏省农业技术推广总站, 南京 210000 | | | 余向阳 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 镇江 212013 | yuxy@jaas.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）对生态环境和农产品安全的潜在威胁已引起世界各国的广泛关注.在江苏省邳州市大蒜核心产区采集了11种大蒜样品、106个表层土壤和4种农膜样品，通过GC-MS法分析了大蒜、土壤和农膜中的16种PAEs含量，并通过水培试验研究了邳州主栽大蒜品种大青稞对6种优先控制类PAEs的吸收和运输特征.结果表明，邳州大蒜蒜瓣中主要PAEs种类为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP），ω（DBP）和ω（DEHP）平均值分别为0.611 mg ·kg-1和0.167 mg ·kg-1，显著高于市售大蒜品种.蒜头中DBP和DEHP含量大小顺序依次为：蒜头皮>蒜瓣皮>蒜瓣.大蒜土壤中的PAEs种类主要为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、DBP和DEHP，检出率均为100%.与美国环保署制定的土壤PAEs控制标准比，DMP和DBP含量超过控制标准，超标率分别达100%和63.2%，其他3种PAEs含量均低于控制标准，但ω（DEHP）平均值达486 μg ·kg-1，远高于其他PAEs.农膜样品中检出DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯（BBP）和DEHP这6种PAEs，其中DBP和DEHP含量最高，占总PAEs的质量分数为53.7%~63.2%.6种PAEs在残膜中的检出量均显著低于新膜，且全部在大蒜或土壤样品中检出，说明农膜可能是大蒜和种植土壤中PAEs的重要来源.6种优控PAEs中，大蒜对DMP和DEP的转运能力最强，这2种PAEs主要在地上部积累；DBP和BBP在大蒜根系中的富集系数最大（高达57.4和81.5），但向地上部的转运能力却较低，是DBP易在蒜头中积累的重要原因之一；大蒜对DEHP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DnOP）的富集系数和转运系数相对较低，蒜瓣样品中检出的DEHP可能与其在土壤中的含量较高有关. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are recognized as a threat to the environment and agricultural product safety across the world. In order to investigate the level of PAEs in garlic, soils, and agricultural films from Pizhou City, Jiangsu province, China, 11 garlic samples, 106 soil samples, and 4 agricultural film samples were collected and analyzed using GC-MS. In addition, the uptake and transport characteristics of six PAEs compounds classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the garlic cultivar Daqingke were investigated under hydroponic conditions. The results indicated that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the dominant PAEs species in garlic cloves of the different garlic varieties from Pizhou City. The average contents of DBP and DEHP in garlic cloves were 0.611 mg·kg-1 and 0.167 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the commercial varieties of garlic. The concentrations of DBP and DEHP differed in three tissues of garlic bulbs, ordered as the skin of garlic bulb>skin of garlic clove>garlic clove. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), DBP, and DEHP were the main PAEs species and were detected in all the surface soils collected from Pizhou City. Compared with the soil allowable concentrations of the six PAEs in the United States, the DMP and DBP concentrations in approximately 100% and 63.2% of soil samples exceeded the recommended allowable concentrations set by the EPA. However, the levels of DEP, DIBP, and DEHP in the soils were below the maximum allowable concentrations set by the EPA. Nevertheless, the average content of DEHP in soils was 486 μg·kg-1 and was found to be much higher than that in the other four PAEs. Six PAEs, including DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and DEHP, were detected in all the agricultural film samples. Among them, the contents of DBP and DEHP in the agricultural films were the highest, accounting for 53.7%-63.2% of the total PAEs. The amount of PAEs present in the residual film was significantly lower than that in the new film, and all six PAEs were detected in garlic or soil samples, suggesting that agricultural film can be an important source of PAEs in garlic farming soils and garlic. Furthermore, the garlic plants absorbed DMP and DEP efficiently from the substrate and showed higher translocation factors (TFs) for DMP and DEP than those for DBP, BBP, DEHP, and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), resulting in a higher accumulation of DMP and DEP in the over-ground parts of garlic. In contrast, DBP and BBP in roots of garlic displayed higher bioconcentration factors (57.4 and 81.5, respectively) compared to those of the other four PAEs, whereas the TFs of DBP and BBP were lower; this may have contributed to the high accumulation of DBP in garlic bulbs. The BCFs and TFs of DEHP and DnOP in garlic were relatively lower, but the DEHP had been detected in all garlic cloves, which may be a result of the higher DEHP contents in soils. |
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