| 湟水河流域地表水体微塑料分布、风险及影响因素 |
| 摘要点击 3173 全文点击 1777 投稿时间：2022-01-11 修订日期：2022-03-05 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 湟水河 分布特征 影响因素 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics Huangshui River distribution characteristics influencing factors risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 范梦苑 | 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | fanmengyuanai@163.com | | 黄懿梅 | 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | ymhuang1971@nwsuaf.edu.cn | | 张海鑫 | 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 李好好 | 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 黄倩 | 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究我国青藏高原淡水环境中微塑料的分布情况，采用金相显微镜观察、傅里叶红外光谱测定、野外调查和影像数据分析等方法对青海省湟水河流域丰水期63个地表水样中微塑料的分布特征和影响因素进行分析，并依据风险指数（H）和污染负荷（PLI）指数模型评估了微塑料的潜在生态风险.结果表明，流域水体中微塑料丰度范围为665~8780 n ·m-3，湟源县水系平均丰度最高，达5414 n ·m-3，各支流丰度从上游到下游逐渐增大.微塑料中薄膜类和颗粒类分别占36%和33%，透明和黑色分别占67%和17%，粒径在0.45~50 μm的占70%，聚乙烯（66%）和聚丙烯（12%）为主要的聚合物类型.微塑料丰度与耕地面积、降水量和紫外线强度正相关，与溶解氧、氧化还原电位和风速显著负相关，微塑料的分布受人类活动和环境因子的共同影响.总体上湟水河流域地表水体中微塑料的潜在生态风险较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to explore the distribution of microplastics in the freshwater environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 63 surface water samples were collected in Huangshui River basin of Qinghai province during the wet season, and the distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of microplastics in the surface water were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, field investigation, and image data analysis. The potential ecological risks of microplastics were evaluated using risk index (H) and pollution load index (PLI) models. The abundance of microplastics in surface water ranged from 665-8780 n·m-3, with the highest average abundance of 5414 n·m-3 in Huangyuan County. The abundance of microplastics increased from upstream to downstream. The main colors of microplastics were transparent (67%) and black (17%), and the particle size was less than 50 μm (70%). Polyethylene (66%) and polypropylene (12%) were the main polymer types. The abundance of microplastics was positively correlated with cultivated land area, precipitation, and ultraviolet intensity, but the opposite results were observed in dissolved oxygen, redox potential, and wind speed. Additionally, the potential ecological risk of surface water in the Huangshui River basin was relatively low. |
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