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白洋淀不同类型水体表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及风险
摘要点击 2123  全文点击 575  投稿时间:2021-10-19  修订日期:2022-01-18
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中文关键词  白洋淀  沉积物  重金属  赋存形态  生物可利用性
英文关键词  Baiyangdian Lake  sediment  heavy metals  chemical speciation  bioavailability
作者单位E-mail
许梦雅 辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036
中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 
844989413@qq.com 
张超 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085  
单保庆 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
刘操 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 lc@bwsti.com 
中文摘要
      选取白洋淀中水道、沟壕、淀面和鱼塘这4种水体类型,采用改进的BCR提取法分析沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的形态特征,运用潜在生态风险指数、次生相与原生相(RSP)和风险评估编码(RAC)等方法对白洋淀沉积物重金属含量进行系统性的污染评估和生态风险评价.结果表明:①沉积物中重金属ω(Cd)、ω(Cu)和ω(Zn)均值分别为0.37、28.49和83.08 mg·kg-1,分别有94.91%、73.91%和46.39%的点位超过土壤背景值.② Cd以非残渣态(F1+F2+F3)为主,质量分数范围为54%~97%,Cr以残渣态(F4)为主,质量分数为87%~99%.Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn主要以残渣态存在,但在非残渣态中Cu和Ni以可氧化态(F3)为主,Pb和Zn以可还原态(F2)为主.③基于RAC评价结果:Cd在水道、沟壕、开阔淀面和鱼塘分别有68.97%、39.89%、54.84%和49.78%的点位存在风险,而Cu、Ni和Pb等重金属风险较低.总体而言,白洋淀重金属总体污染水平较低,但在南刘庄片区的府河和白沟引河入河口等部分水道区域Cd存在生态风险和较高的生物可迁移性.
英文摘要
      The morphological characteristics of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments were analyzed using an improved BCR extraction method in four water types of Baiyangdian Lake:watercourse, trench, lake surface, and fish pond. The potential ecological risk index, secondary and primary phases, and risk assessment codes were used to systematically assess the pollution level and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments. The results showed that:① the mean contents of heavy metals Cd, Cu, and Zn in the sediments were 0.37, 28.49, and 83.08 mg·kg-1, respectively, 94.91%, 73.91%, and 46.39% of which exceeded the soil background value. ② Cd was dominated by the non-residual fraction (F1+F2+F3) with a fraction ranging from 54% to 97%, whereas Cr was dominated by the residual fraction (F4) with a mass fraction ranging from 87% to 99%. Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mainly in the fraction of residual fraction. In the non-residual fraction, Cu and Ni were mainly in the oxidizable fraction (F3) state, whereas Pb and Zn were mainly in the reducible fraction (F2) state. ③ The RAC risk assessment results showed that there were 68.97%, 39.89%, 54.84%, and 49.78% points in channel, trench, open water, and fish pond samples, respectively, of Cd at high risk. The Cu, Ni, and Pb were at low risk. In general, the overall heavy metal pollution level in Baiyangdian Lake was low, but Cd had ecological risk and high bioavailability in the Fuhe River of the Nanliuzhuang area and the Baigouyin River.

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