| 土壤phoC和phoD微生物群落对化肥和有机肥配施生物炭的响应 |
| 摘要点击 4208 全文点击 1092 投稿时间：2021-06-05 修订日期：2021-07-21 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 土壤微生物 phoC phoD 磷素有效性 |
| 英文关键词 biochar soil microorganism phoC gene phoD gene phosphorus availability |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤微生物对土壤养分转化具有重要的影响，phoC和phoD作为编码磷酸酶的功能基因，其为检测环境中微生物种类、丰度和群落结构组成提供了有效手段，而研究化肥和有机肥配施生物炭处理下植株根际和非根际土壤phoC和phoD微生物群落多样性变化的规律，又可为生物炭的农业利用提供科学依据.以玉米秸秆和稻壳为供试材料，采用盆栽试验的方法，设置对照（CK）、传统施肥（F）、化肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（FP）、化肥+10 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭+10 t·hm-2玉米生物炭（FPM）、有机肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（PP）和新鲜有机肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（NPP）6个处理，通过采用T-RFLP和荧光定量PCR技术解析根际和非根际土壤phoC和phoD的群落结构，阐明phoC和phoD对添加生物炭的响应特征.结果表明：①根际土和非根际土中，phoD的群落结构比phoC更复杂，化肥和有机肥配施生物炭后增加phoC的末端限制性片段数；②化肥和有机肥配施生物炭使得非根际土phoC拷贝数较CK均有所降低，FP、FPM、PP和NPP处理较CK分别降低了9.18%、11.46%、10.97%和13.76%，有机肥配施生物炭使得根际土phoD的拷贝数较CK有所增加，PP和NPP处理较CK分别增加了2.48%和5.16%；③土壤中的总磷是影响非根际土壤phoC微生物群落结构的主要因子（P<0.01），而根际土中phoC微生物群落结构受到多种环境因子的调控，pH是影响phoD拷贝数最关键的环境因子，且phoD拷贝数与土壤硝态氮和pH有显著的相关性.化肥和有机肥配施生物炭可促进土壤磷转化功能微生物的生长繁殖，对提高磷肥利用率具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil microorganisms have an important influence on the transformation of soil nutrients. As functional genes encoding phosphatase, phoC and phoD provide effective means for detecting the types, abundance, and community structure of microorganisms in the environment, and studying the changes in the diversity of phoC and phoD gene microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of the plant rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under the treatment of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with biochar can provide a scientific basis for the agricultural utilization of biochar. In this study, corn stalks and rice husk stalks were used as test materials, and the pot experiment method was used to set the following treatments:control (CK), traditional fertilization (F), chemical fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (FP), chemical fertilizer+10 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar+10 t·hm-2 corn biochar (FPM), organic fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (PP), and fresh organic fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (NPP). The community structure of phoC and phoD genes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was analyzed by using T-RFLP and fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to clarify the response characteristics of phoC and phoD genes to the addition of biochar. The results showed that:① In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, the phoD gene community structure was more complicated than that of phoC, and the number of end restriction fragments of the phoC gene increased after chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer were combined with biochar. ② The combined application of biochar with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer reduced the copy number of the phoC gene in non-rhizosphere soil compared with that in the CK. Compared with that in the CK, the copy number in the FP, FPM, PP, and NPP treatments decreased by 9.18%, 11.46%, 10.97%, and 13.76%, respectively. Organic fertilizer combined with biochar increased the copy number of the phoD gene in rhizosphere soil by 2.48% and 5.16% in the PP and NPP treatments, respectively, compared with that in the CK. ③ Total phosphorus in the soil was the main factor affecting the phoC gene microbial community structure in non-rhizosphere soil (P<0.01), whereas the phoC gene microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil was regulated by a variety of environmental factors. pH was the most critical factor affecting the phoD gene copy number, and the copy number of phoD gene was significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and pH. The combined application of biochar with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms that function in soil phosphorus conversion, which is of great significance for improving the utilization of phosphorus fertilizers. |
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