| 公交车使用废食用油制生物柴油的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱 |
| 摘要点击 3814 全文点击 1297 投稿时间：2017-07-31 修订日期：2017-11-01 |
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| 中文关键词 柴油公交车 废食用油制生物柴油 污染物 VOCs 大气反应活性 |
| 英文关键词 diesel bus waste cooking oil based biodiesel pollutant emission volatile organic compounds atmospheric reactivity |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以国三、国五柴油公交车为研究对象，在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交循环，分析了国三、国五柴油公交车使用柴油、废食用油制生物柴油-柴油混合燃料（B10）的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱.结果表明：国五公交车的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放比国三公交车分别降低39.3%、19.9%、77.4%和28.4%，NOx升高31.7%；国三、国五公交车排放的VOCs主要为烷烃、烯烃和含氧化合物，国五公交车的烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、含氧化合物等VOCs排放较低，其VOCs大气反应活性降低，二次有机气溶胶的生成潜势较弱.与使用柴油比较，国三（国五）公交车使用B10的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放降低；国三公交车的NOx排放增加，国五公交车的NOx排放降低；国三（国五）公交车使用B10的VOCs成分谱中含氧化合物降低，烯烃增加，VOCs大气反应活性增强. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Two diesel buses respectively certified to meet China Ⅲ and China Ⅴ emission standards were used as prototype vehicles, fixed on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer and driven according to a typical city bus driving cycle to analyze the pollutant emissions and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The buses were fueled with diesel and waste cooking oil based biodiesel with 10 vol% blend ratio (B10). The emissions of total hydrocarbon(THC), CO, particulate matter (PM), and the number of solid particles with a diameter of 23 nm to 2.5 μm (referred to as "solid particulate number of PM2.5") from the bus certified to meet China Ⅴ (referred to as "China V bus") were 39.3%, 19.9%, 77.4%, and 28.4% lower than those from the other bus certified to meet China Ⅲ (referred to as "China Ⅲ bus"), while NOx emissions were 31.7% higher. Moreover, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxygenated compounds in VOCs emitted from the China V bus were lower than those emitted from the China Ⅲ bus, suggesting lower atmospheric reactivity and smaller potential of secondary organic aerosol formation. Compared with the emission results of two diesel-fueled buses, the B10-fueled buses emitted smaller amounts of THC, CO, PM, and solid particulate number of PM2.5, lower oxygenated compounds but higher alkenes; slightly higher NOx emissions than China Ⅲ but slightly lower NOx emissions than China V. Consequently, the atmospheric reactivity of VOCs in exhaust gas from the bus fueled with B10 was higher than that from the diesel-powered bus. |
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