| 太湖蠡河小流域水质的空间变化特征及污染物源解析 |
| 摘要点击 2939 全文点击 1277 投稿时间：2017-03-15 修订日期：2017-04-18 |
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| 中文关键词 面源污染 污染物流失特征 总磷 氨氮 COD 源解析 |
| 英文关键词 non-point source pollution dynamic characteristics of pollutants TP NH4+-N COD pollutant source analysis |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 连慧姝 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | lianhuishu@163.com | | 刘宏斌 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 李旭东 | 上海交通大学农业与生物学院, 上海 200240 | | | 宋挺 | 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 南京 210044
无锡市环境监测中心站, 无锡 214121 | | | 雷秋良 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | leiqiuliang@caas.cn | | 任天志 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 武淑霞 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 李影 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解太湖流域河流中污染物的来源及时空变化特征，于2014年在太湖湖西区蠡河小流域开展水质监测，对从上游到下游的5个监测点汛期和非汛期水体中的总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH4+-N）、化学需氧量（COD）浓度的变化规律及其影响因素进行了研究.结果表明，监测期间流域水体中TP、NH4+-N、COD的浓度均值为0.176、1.075、10.626 mg·L-1，水质状况总体较好，未超过Ⅳ类水标准.从上游到下游TP、NH4+-N浓度逐渐升高，下游水质较差，均属于劣Ⅴ类水质；而COD浓度较低，未超过Ⅳ类水标准.受降雨的影响，污染物浓度在汛期略高于非汛期.在非汛期，污染物浓度从上游到下游逐渐升高，而在汛期，各监测点污染物浓度没有明显的变化趋势.随着居民地面积的增加，林地面积的减少污染物浓度逐渐升高.流域人口密度、畜禽养殖与水体中污染物浓度显著相关.蠡河流域农业面源污染的主要来源是生活源和畜禽养殖源. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The source of pollutants in the Tai Lake basin and the characteristics of spatiotemporal variations were studied by conducting water quality monitoring in the Lihe River watershed to the west of Tai Lake in 2014. The dynamic changes in total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied in flood and non-flood seasons at five monitoring points from upstream to downstream. The average concentrations of TP, NH4+-N, and COD were 0.176 mg·L-1, 1.075 mg·L-1, and 10.626 mg·L-1 respectively, and the water quality was lower than the grade Ⅳ standard. From upstream to downstream, the concentrations of TP and NH4+-N gradually increased. The water quality downstream was poor, worse than the gradeⅤstandard; however, COD was low and met the grade Ⅳ standard. During the non-flood season, the pollutant concentrations gradually increased from upstream to downstream. There was no obvious trend in flood season. Concentrations of pollutants gradually increased with the increase in the area of inhabited land and decrease in the area of forest land. The population density, livestock, and poultry production were significantly correlated with the concentrations of pollutants in the river. The pollutants in the Lihe River watershed mainly originated from human activities, and livestock and poultry breeding activities. |
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