| 办公室内颗粒物载带溴系阻燃剂的人体呼吸暴露 |
| 摘要点击 3266 全文点击 1946 投稿时间：2014-11-10 修订日期：2015-02-07 |
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| 中文关键词 PBDEs HBCDs 大气颗粒物 分级 呼吸暴露 |
| 英文关键词 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs) atmospheric particles classification exposure via inhalation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过对封闭房间、通风房间和室外环境中大气颗粒物分级采样,分析了大气颗粒相上溴系阻燃剂(BFRs)的负荷水平,并对目标污染物在颗粒相的粒径分布特征及其控制因素进行研究. 以此为基础,采用人体呼吸暴露数值模型,估算了大气颗粒相载带BFRs在人体呼吸道各部位的暴露量. 研究表明,在室内外大气颗粒相样品中,多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)以BDE-209为主,而六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)则以α-HBCD为主; 整体上,室内大气颗粒物中BFRs高于室外的相应浓度,其浓度水平与电子垃圾处理厂周边大气颗粒相目标物浓度近似,高于中国其它地区室内外大气颗粒相载带BFRs浓度. 粒径分布分析结果显示, PBDEs在封闭房间中主要分布在0.4~0.7 μm和5.8~9.0 μm的粒径上,呈现双峰形式,而在通风和室外环境中则主要分布在4.7~10.0 μm的大颗粒上; HBCDs则主要分布在大颗粒上. 呼吸暴露估算结果表明,在封闭状态下的办公室内,呼吸道各部位经由呼吸摄入的总PBDEs和HBCDs暴露量分别为22.56~1503 pg·(h·kg)-1和0.09~9.25 pg·(h·kg)-1; 而在自然通风状态下的办公室内,上述暴露量则分别为13.89~601.1 pg·(h·kg)-1和0.07~1.75 pg·(h·kg)-1. 显然,自然通风有利于室内污染物向室外扩散,从而减小了室内呼吸暴露风险. 通过比较,可以看出呼吸摄入BFRs暴露量小于灰尘摄入的暴露量,呼吸不是BFRs室内人体暴露的主要途径. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Size-fractionated atmospheric particles were collected in the closed room, ventilated room and outdoors in a university campus and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs). The concentrations of particle-bound ΣPBDE (sum of four PBDE congeners) indoors were significantly greater than those in other regions and similar to the levels in electronic waste recycling sites. In all the samples, BDE209 and α-HBCD were the dominant congener for PBDEs and HBCDs, respectively. The size-fractionated distributions of airborne ΣPBDE displayed bimodal peaks in 0.4-0.7 and 5.8-9.0 μm in the closed room, but only a unimodal peak in 4.7-10.0 μm in the ventilated room and outdoors. For HBCD, approximate 90% HBCD were found on coarse particles (aerodynamic diameter (Dp)>2.1 μm).The inhalation intake of PBDE and HBCD in closed and ventilated rooms were 22.56-1503 pg·(h·kg)-1, 0.09-9.25 pg·(h·kg)-1 and 13.89-601.1 pg·(h·kg)-1, 0.07-1.75 pg·(h·kg)-1, respectively. These estimates were much lower than the exposure via dust ingestion suggesting that inhalation of particle-bound BFRs may not be a vital exposure route. |
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