| 2017~2018年冬季菏泽大气PM2.5中金属元素特征及健康风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 733 全文点击 185 投稿时间：2023-04-21 修订日期：2023-06-10 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 重金属 富集因子 健康风险评估 潜在生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 heavy metals enrichment factor health risk assessment potential ecological risks |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 于山东省菏泽市采集了2017年10月15日至2018年1月31日期间菏泽学院、华润制药和污水处理厂共3个采样点的大气PM2.5样品，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定PM2.5中21种金属元素的浓度，并讨论元素富集程度、评估重金属的健康风险和潜在生态风险.结果表明，采样期间3个采样点中ρ（PM2.5）范围为26.7~284.1 μg·m-3且浓度值差别不大，均处于较高污染水平；3个采样点金属元素中K浓度最高，分别占总量的31.03%、39.47%和38.43%，主要由于菏泽作为较大农业城市，其秋冬季生物质燃烧贡献率较高；3个采样点微量元素中ρ（Zn）最高，分别为89.70、84.21和67.68 ng·m-3.富集因子结果表明，Zn、Pb、Sn、Sb、Cd和Se的富集因子值均高于100，其中Cd和Se的富集因子分别高于2 000和4 000，受人为活动影响显著，可能与工业生产、金属冶炼、道路源和燃煤排放等有关.健康风险结果表明，As存在一定的潜在非致癌风险（儿童和成人HQ>0.1），3个采样点对儿童和成人均存在综合潜在非致癌风险（HI>0.1）和一定的潜在致癌风险（CRT>1×10-6），其中污水处理厂对成人的致癌风险较为显著（CRT>1×10-4），成人的致癌风险略高于儿童可能与成人室外活动时间较长和PM2.5暴露量更高有关.潜在生态风险值最高的元素为Cd、As和Pb，其中Cd表现为极高的潜在生态风险，应引起重视；3个采样点均呈现出极高的综合潜在生态风险，强度在空间上表现为：菏泽学院>华润制药>污水处理厂. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected in Heze, Shandong Province, from a total of three sampling sites at Heze College, Huarun Pharmacy, and a wastewater treatment plant between October 15, 2017 and January 31, 2018, to determine the concentrations of 21 metal elements in PM2.5 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The degree of elemental enrichment was also discussed, the health risks and potential heavy metal ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that ρ (PM2.5) ranged from 26.7 to 284.1 μg·m-3 at the three sampling sites during the sampling period, and the concentration values did not differ significantly, all of which were at high pollution levels. The highest concentrations of K were found in the three sampling sites, accounting for 31.03%, 39.47%, and 38.43% of the total, respectively, mainly due to the high contribution of biomass burning in autumn and winter in Heze, a large agricultural city. The highest concentrations of Zn, 89.70, 84.21, and 67.68 ng·m-3, were found in the trace elements at the three sampling sites, respectively. The enrichment factor results showed that the enrichment factor values of Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb, Cd, and Se were higher than 100, among which the enrichment factors of Cd and Se were higher than 2 000 and 4 000, respectively, which were significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities and might have been related to industrial production, metal smelting, road sources, and coal combustion emissions. The health risk results showed that there was some potential non-carcinogenic risk (HQ>0.1 for children and adults) for As and a combined potential non-carcinogenic risk (HI>0.1) and some potential carcinogenic risk (CRT>1×10-6) for both children and adults at the three sampling sites. There was a more significant carcinogenic risk (CRT>1×10-4) for adults at the wastewater treatment plant, and the slightly higher carcinogenic risk for adults than that for children may have been related to the longer outdoor activity and higher PM2.5 exposure for adults. The elements with the highest potential ecological risk values were Cd, As, and Pb, with Cd exhibiting a very high potential ecological risk that should be taken seriously. All three sampling sites showed a very high combined potential ecological risk, with the intensity spatially expressed as Heze College>Huarun Pharmacy>wastewater treatment plant. |
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