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外源锌对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及根系构型分级的影响
摘要点击 1097  全文点击 176  投稿时间:2023-03-02  修订日期:2023-05-10
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中文关键词  玉米  镉(Cd)  锌(Zn)  生理参数  根系构型分级
英文关键词  maize  cadmium(Cd)  zinc(Zn)  physiological parameters  root architecture classification
作者单位E-mail
张辉红 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 13783949406@163.com 
魏畅 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046  
柳海涛 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 liuhaitaoky@henau.edu.cn 
张静静 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046  
刘芳 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046  
赵颖 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046  
张雪海 河南农业大学农学院, 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450046  
李鸽子 河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450046  
姜瑛 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 JY27486@163.com 
中文摘要
      为探究不同浓度锌(Zn)对镉(Cd)胁迫条件下玉米幼苗生长及根系构型分级的影响,通过水培试验,以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,研究Cd胁迫条件下(50 μmol·L-1),外源施加不同浓度Zn(0、10、25、50、100、200和400 μmol·L-1)对玉米幼苗生长、根系构型及其分级特征、Cd含量及根系Cd吸收能力、光合系统的影响,并通过主成分分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价.结果表明,50 μmol·L-1 Cd胁迫对玉米幼苗具有明显的毒害作用,使叶绿素含量和光合参数显著降低,主根长、株高、生物量、根分枝数和根尖数,包括Ⅰ~Ⅲ级径级区间的根长、根表面积及Ⅰ~Ⅱ级径级区间的根体积显著下降,阻碍了玉米幼苗的正常生长发育.施用100 μmol·L-1和200 μmol·L-1 Zn与不施Zn相比,降低了玉米幼苗对Cd的吸收,显著降低了Cd含量和Cd吸收效率,缓解了对玉米幼苗的毒害作用,使地上地下部鲜重、地上部干重、地上地下部耐受指数和根分枝数均显著升高;显著增强了玉米幼苗的光合作用,促使幼苗光合速率和总叶绿素含量显著升高;Ⅰ级径级区间的RL、Ⅰ~Ⅱ级径级区间的SA和RV在100 μmol·L-1 Zn时达到最大,Ⅲ级径级区间的RL、SA和RV在200 μmol·L-1 Zn时达到最大,均显著高于不施Zn处理;玉米幼苗生长耐受性综合评价表明,100 μmol·L-1和200 μmol·L-1 Zn缓解Cd毒害作用效果较好.综合分析可知,施加适宜浓度的Zn可以降低玉米幼苗植株内Cd含量、根系Cd吸收能力及Cd吸收效率,提高玉米幼苗生物量的积累,减轻Cd毒害对根系构型的影响,减少对光合系统的影响,提高玉米幼苗对Cd的耐受性.
英文摘要
      To explore the effects of different concentrations of zinc (Zn) on the growth and root architecture classification of maize seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of Zn (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol·L-1) on the growth, root architecture and classification characteristics, Cd content, root Cd uptake capacity, and photosynthetic system of maize seedlings under Cd stress (50 μmol·L-1) by using Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material. Principal component analysis and the membership function method were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the 50 μmol·L-1 Cd stress had a significant toxic effect on maize seedlings, which significantly reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters. The main root length, plant height, biomass, root forks, and root tips, including the root length and root surface area of the grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ diameter range and the root volume of the grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ diameter range, decreased significantly, which hindered the normal growth and development of maize seedlings. Compared with that under no Zn application, 100 μmol·L-1 and 200 μmol·L-1 Zn application reduced the uptake of Cd by maize seedlings, significantly reduced the Cd content in shoots and roots and the Cd uptake efficiency. The toxic effect on maize seedlings was alleviated, and the fresh weight, dry weight, tolerance index, and root forks of shoots and roots were significantly increased. The photosynthesis of maize seedlings was significantly enhanced, and the photosynthetic rate and the total chlorophyll content was significantly increased. The RL, SA, and RV in the Ⅰ-Ⅱ diameter range reached the maximum at 100 μmol·L-1 Zn, and the RL, SA, and RV in the Ⅲ diameter range reached the maximum at 200 μmol·L-1 Zn, which were significantly higher than those without Zn treatment. The comprehensive evaluation of the growth tolerance of maize seedlings showed that 100 μmol·L-1 and 200 μmol·L-1 Zn had better effects on alleviating Cd toxicity. Comprehensive analysis showed that the application of appropriate concentration of Zn could reduce the Cd content in maize seedlings, the Cd uptake capacity, and Cd uptake efficiency of roots; increase the biomass accumulation of maize seedlings; reduce the effect of Cd toxicity on root architecture; reduce the effect on the light and system; and improve the tolerance of maize seedlings to Cd.

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