| 店埠河流域地表水-地下水水化学特征及其成因分析 |
| 摘要点击 1214 全文点击 192 投稿时间：2023-03-19 修订日期：2023-05-05 |
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| 中文关键词 店埠河流域 水化学特征 水化学成因 离子来源 氢氧稳定同位素 巢湖 |
| 英文关键词 Dianbu River Basin hydrochemical characteristics hydrochemical origin ion sources stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen Chaohu Lake |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 巢湖是我国水污染防治的重点水体，但近年来一直处于较高的富营养化水平.以巢湖二级支流店埠河流域内的地表水和地下水为研究对象，测试不同水体水化学组成和氢氧同位素值，综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法，分析其季节性和空间变化特征，探讨地表水和地下水的水化学特征和形成机制.结果表明，①大气降水是店埠河流域地表水和地下水的主要补给来源，地表水的蒸发分馏效应比地下水更显著.不同时期，地表水比地下水更富集氢氧稳定同位素.地表水和地下水中氢氧稳定同位素均呈季节性变化特征，丰水期相对富集，枯水期相对贫化.②店埠河流域地表水和地下水均为弱碱性水，地表水中各离子浓度明显小于地下水，地表水中阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主，地下水中阳离子以Ca2+为主，水体中的优势阴离子均为HCO3-.地表水的水化学类型以HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca型水为主，地下水以HCO3-Na·Ca型水为主.③地表水和地下水主要水化学指标浓度具有一定的时空差异性.从丰水期到枯水期，地表水中TDS、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-浓度整体呈现上升趋势.地下水中Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度整体变化不大，略有增加趋势，Cl-、SO42-和NO3-浓度整体呈上升趋势.从上游到下游，地表水中主要水化学指标浓度呈现先减小后增大的趋势，NO3-浓度增幅最大.地下水在径流方向上主要水化学指标浓度整体变化不大，但呈现出排泄区大于补给区的规律.④水体水化学特征的形成主要受水-岩作用控制，同时还受到人为因素影响.水-岩作用主要为硅酸盐岩、盐岩和碳酸盐岩等矿物的风化溶解.污水处理厂污水、生活污水和粪肥等污染物已明显改变了局部水体的水化学特征.⑤与2016年相比，地表水中的NO3-浓度已有不同程度地减少，当地政府进行的氮污染控制工作已取得一定成效，但仍需在店埠河下游、部分支流（定光河和马桥河）和部分居民点加强对污水及粪肥的污染防控. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Chaohu lake is a key water body for water pollution prevention and treatment in our country. However， it has been at a higher eutrophication level recently. Here， the surface water and groundwater in the Dianbu River Basin， a secondary tributary of Chaohu Lake， were taken as the research object. In order to test the hydrochemical composition and hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of different water bodies， 30 groups of surface water samples， 36 groups of groundwater samples， 16 groups of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope samples， and 18 groups of groundwater hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope samples were collected in August 2021 （wet season）， November 2021 （normal season）， and February 2022 （dry season）. The seasonal and spatial variation characteristics were analyzed to explore the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of water bodies by means of mathematical statistics， Piper triangular diagram， Gibbs figures， and ion ratios. The following results were obtained： ① precipitation was the main source of surface water and groundwater in Dianbu River Basin， and the evaporation fractionation effect of surface water was more significant than that of groundwater. At different periods， the surface water was more enriched with stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen than groundwater. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water showed seasonal variation， relative enrichment in the wet season， and depletion in the dry season. ② Both surface water and groundwater in the Dianbu River Basin were weakly alkaline， and the concentration of ions in surface water was significantly lower than that in groundwater. Ca2+ and Na+ were the main cations in surface water， Ca2+ was the main cation in groundwater， and the dominant anion in all water was HCO3-. The hydrochemical typology of surface water was mainly HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca， and that of groundwater was mainly HCO3-Na·Ca. ③ The concentrations of the main hydrochemical indexes of surface water and groundwater showed certain seasonal and spatial differences. From the wet season to the dry season， the concentrations of TDS， K+， Na+， Ca2+， Mg2+， Cl-， and SO42- in surface water showed an increasing trend on the whole. The concentrations of Na+， Ca2+， and Mg2+ in groundwater showed little change but increased slightly， whereas the concentrations of Cl-， SO42-， and NO3- showed an increasing trend on the whole. The concentrations of Cl-， SO42-， and NO3- in the water showed relatively large seasonal fluctuations. From upstream to downstream， the concentrations of the main hydrochemical indexes in surface water first decreased and then increased， among which the concentration of NO3- increased the most. The concentrations of the main hydrochemical indexes of groundwater in the direction of runoff changed little overall， but the concentration in the discharge area was higher than that in the recharge area. ④ The formation of hydrochemical characteristics of the water was mainly controlled by water-rock interaction but was also influenced by human factors. The water-rock action was mainly the weathering dissolution of silicate rock， salt rock， and carbonate rock. Man-made pollutants such as sewage from a sewage treatment plant， domestic sewage， and feces had obviously changed the hydrochemical characteristics of the local water. ⑤ Compared with that in 2016， the concentration of NO3- in surface water showed a certain degree of reduction. The nitrogen pollution control work carried out by the local government had achieved certain results， but it was still necessary to strengthen the pollution prevention and control of sewage and feces in the downstream of the Dianbu River， some tributaries （such as the Dingguang River and Maqiao River）， and some residential areas. |
