| 厨余垃圾有机肥对土壤微生物活性及功能的影响 |
| 摘要点击 799 全文点击 186 投稿时间：2023-01-04 修订日期：2023-03-28 |
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| 中文关键词 厨余垃圾有机肥（OFK） 养分 酶活性 微生物群落组成 微生物群落功能 |
| 英文关键词 organic fertilizer of kitchen waste （OFK） nutrients enzyme activity microbial community composition microbial community function |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为评估厨余垃圾有机肥（OFK）的肥效和安全性,在土壤中添加1%、3%和5% OFK进行土壤培养试验,动态测定土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物量碳以及微生物群落组成,并对微生物功能进行预测.结果表明,添加OFK后,土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量较对照分别提高了23.80%~35.13%、13.29%~29.72%、16.91%~39.37%、164.7%~340.2%、28.56%~32.71%；与碳、氮、磷循环的相关水解酶如α-葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和酸性磷酸酶等酶类活性也显著高于对照.OFK刺激了土壤微生物生长,提高了微生物量碳含量.扩增子测序结果表明,不同处理土壤微生物群落结构在纲和属水平均有显著变化；在属水平上,土壤中有益菌相对丰度增加,植物病原菌显著降低.RDA结果佐证了添加OFK会显著改变土壤微生物群落结构,并主要受土壤pH、有机质、有效养分和微生物量碳等因素影响.利用PICRUSt和FAPROTAX分析细菌群落功能,结果表明各处理在功能层上表现相似,并且添加OFK显著提高了微生物对碳的利用能力和代谢能力；FUNGuild真菌功能预测结果表示,添加OFK增加了腐生-共生营养型和共生营养型占比,刺激外生菌根真菌-未定义腐生真菌生长,并抑制动植物病原真菌.综上,经过规范处理的OFK能提高土壤肥力、水解酶活性和有益微生物数量,抑制病菌生长,具有发展成安全高效有机肥的潜力. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Changes in soil microbial activity and ecological function can be used to assess the level of soil fertility and the stability of ecosystems. To assess the fertility and safety of organic fertilizer of kitchen waste (OFK), soils containing 0% (CK), 1%, 3%, and 5% OFK were cultured, and the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the soils were measured dynamically with routine agrochemical analysis measures and amplicon sequencing. The results showed that compared with those in CK, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, NH4+-N, and NO3--N in soils with OFK increased by 23.80%-35.13%, 13.29%-29.72%, 16.91%-39.37%, 164.7%-340.2%, and 28.56%-32.71%, respectively. The activities of hydrolases related to the cycle of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (α-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, etc.) were also significantly higher than those of the CK treatment. OFK stimulated the growth of soil microorganisms and increased the carbon content of the microbial biomass. The amplicon sequencing analysis found that the microbial community structures of different treatments were significantly different at both the class and genus levels. In addition, it was found that the abundance of beneficial microbes in the soils with OFK increased, whereas pathogenic microbes decreased. RDA results confirmed that soil properties (including soil pH, organic matter, available nutrients, and microbial biomass) had a significant impact on microbial community structure. The results of investing bacterial community based on PICRUSt and FAPROTAX revealed that the function of the soil bacterial community was similar in the four treatments, but OFK supply significantly improved the microbial carbon utilization and metabolic ability. Moreover, by using the FUNGuild software, we found that the application of OFK increased the proportion of saprotroph-symbiotroph and symbiotroph and stimulated the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi-undefined saprophytic fungi but inhibited plant and animal pathogenic fungi in soil. These results implied that OFK could promote the establishment of symbiotic relationships and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. In summary, OFK could improve soil fertility and hydrolase activity, stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and defend against pathogens, indicating a promising use as safe and efficient organic fertilizer. |
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