| 聚苯乙烯微塑料联合镉污染对土壤理化性质和生菜（Lactuca sativa）生理生态的影响 |
| 摘要点击 821 全文点击 235 投稿时间：2023-02-01 修订日期：2023-03-10 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤 微塑料（MPs） 重金属 复合污染 生菜 生长 抗氧化酶 |
| 英文关键词 soil microplastics（MPs） heavy metals complex contamination lettuce growth antioxidant enzymes |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 牛佳瑞 | 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 南昌 330022 | 1359494412@qq.com | | 邹勇军 | 江西省地质调查勘查院地质环境监测所, 南昌 330006 | | | 简敏菲 | 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 南昌 330022 | jianminfei0914@163.com | | 黄楚红 | 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 南昌 330022 | | | 李金燕 | 江西省地质调查勘查院地质环境监测所, 南昌 330006 | | | 穆霆 | 江西省地质调查勘查院地质环境监测所, 南昌 330006 | | | 刘淑丽 | 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 南昌 330022 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤中普遍存在微塑料和重金属等复合污染物,二者极难降解且易形成复合污染,改变土壤的理化性质,并影响植物的生长与生理生态特征.为研究土壤微塑料与重金属的复合污染对土壤性质和植物生长的影响,选取粒径3 μm的聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）和重金属镉（Cd）,设置不同PS-MPs暴露量（0、10、50、100、200和400 mg·kg-1）并联合Cd污染（0、1.2和6.0 mg·kg-1）条件下,研究土壤的理化性质变化及其对生菜（Lactuca sativa）种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,随着PS-MPs与Cd复合污染强度的增加,土壤有机质（SOM）、有效磷（AP）、碱解氮（AHN）和速效钾（AK）等主要理化因子均显著降低,在PS-MPs暴露量为400 mg·kg-1时降到最低值；同时,PS-MPs联合Cd的污染也会显著降低生菜种子的萌发率,但PS-MPs低暴露量（10 mg·kg-1和50 mg·kg-1）会减缓Cd（6.0 mg·kg-1）污染对生菜种子萌发的抑制作用,而PS-MPs高暴露量（200 mg·kg-1和400 mg·kg-1）会加剧Cd（6.0 mg·kg-1）对生菜种子的抑制作用.受不同含量Cd污染后,生菜幼苗鲜重、干重和株高等生长指标随PS-MPs暴露量增加均呈先升后降趋势；叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）等指标均呈下降趋势,而丙二醛（MDA）含量总体呈上升趋势.土壤的主要理化指标与生菜幼苗的MDA呈显著负相关,而与幼苗的其它各项指标则呈显著正相关.PS-MPs和重金属Cd复合污染能通过改变土壤理化性质从而影响植物种子萌发及其幼苗生理生态特征,研究结果对于评估土壤-植物系统中微塑料和重金属复合污染的生态效应能提供一定的参考借鉴. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Contaminants such as microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals are commonly found in soils, both of which are extremely difficult to degrade and can easily form compound contamination, altering the physicochemical properties of the soil and thus potentially changing the growth and physiological and ecological characteristics of plants. In order to study the effects of the combined contamination of soil MPs and heavy metals on soil properties and plant growth, polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with a particle size of 3 μm and the heavy metal cadmium were selected in the study. The changes in the physicochemical properties of soil and their effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination and seedling growth were studied at various exposure concentrations of PS-MPs (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1) and combined with different Cd contamination concentrations (0, 1.2, and 6.0 mg·kg-1), respectively. The results showed that soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP), alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN), and available kalium (AK) showed significant decreases as the intensity of PS-MPs combined with Cd contamination increased. Simultaneously, PS-MPs combined with Cd contamination also significantly reduced the germination rate of lettuce seeds, but low concentrations of PS-MPs slowed down the effect of Cd (6.0 mg·kg-1) contamination on lettuce seeds, and high concentrations of PS-MPs enhanced the effect of Cd (6.0 mg·kg-1). The fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height of lettuce seedlings showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing exposure to PS-MPs. Chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) showed a decreasing trend, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed an overall increasing trend under different Cd concentrations. The main physicochemical indicators of the soil were negatively correlated with MDA of lettuce seedlings, whereas other indicators of the seedlings were positively correlated. The combined contamination of PS-MPs and Cd could affect the germination of plant seeds and the physiological and ecological characteristics of seedlings by changing the physicochemical properties of the soil. Both exposure to single PS-MPs contaminants and the combination of PS-MPs with Cd inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds and affected the physiological activities of their seedlings, and the inhibition was significantly increased with increasing exposure. Low exposure to PS-MPs or the combination of PS-MPs with Cd contamination exhibited a promotive effect on lettuce seedling growth. High exposure to PS-MPs combined with Cd contamination exhibited significant ecological effects on lettuce seedlings, and high exposure to PS-MPs exacerbated the ecotoxicological effects of Cd contaminants on lettuce seedlings, and PS-MPs and Cd exhibited synergistic effects. The results can provide some reference for assessing the ecological effects of MPs and heavy metal pollution in soil-plant systems. |
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