| 人体微塑料污染特征及健康风险研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 1015 全文点击 266 投稿时间：2022-12-25 修订日期：2023-03-13 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 暴露途径 毒理效应 分子机制 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics exposure routes toxicological effects molecular mechanism health risk |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料污染不仅是一个环境问题,更是一个社会问题.目前针对环境微塑料来源、丰度和分布,已开展了大量研究,但对人体微塑料暴露水平和潜在健康风险的认识仍非常有限.基于文献计量学方法,系统地梳理总结了当前人体微塑料的暴露途径,揭示了人体微塑料污染的赋存特征及潜在健康危害.结果表明,人体内微塑料主要以粒径小于50 μm的聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）、和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）等人工合成聚合物为主.环境微塑料主要通过食物和呼吸途径进入人体,并在肺部和肠胃组织累积,其中小粒径微塑料可通过循环系统分布于各组织器官.基于实验的毒理学实验结果表明,微塑料不仅影响细胞膜完整性、免疫应激、肠道菌群和能量代谢,对生殖系统也具有潜在危害.为科学评估微塑料污染的健康风险,还需进一步加强微塑料毒理效应及其发生机制研究,构建微塑料健康风险评估框架,以科学依据支撑微塑料污染防治. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastic pollution is not only an environmental problem but also a social problem. Many studies have been conducted on the sources, abundance, and distribution of microplastics in the environment, but an understanding of human exposure levels and potential health risks remains very limited. Based on the bibliometric methods, the present review systematically summarized the exposure pathways of microplastics in humans, and then the characteristics and potential adverse impacts on human health were expounded upon. Available literature showed that microplastics in human bodies were mainly concentrated on sizes smaller than 50 μm, and polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the main polymers. Microplastics in environments entered human bodies mainly through food and respiratory pathways, then accumulated in lung and gastrointestinal tissues. Most importantly, small-sized microplastics could distribute in tissues and organs via the circulatory system. The results from lab-based toxicological experiments showed that microplastics not only posed threats to cell membrane integrity, immune stress, gut microbiota, and energy metabolism but also had potentially adverse impacts on the reproductive system. To further understand the health risks of microplastic pollution, it is necessary to promote research on the toxicological effects of microplastics as well as the inner mechanisms and also to establish risk assessment frameworks for evaluating microplastic pollution. These works are crucial to preventing the risks of microplastic pollution with scientific evidence. |
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