| 基于大田试验的土壤-水稻镉对不同调理剂的响应 |
| 摘要点击 607 全文点击 200 投稿时间：2023-02-25 修订日期：2023-04-04 |
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| 中文关键词 镉（Cd） 土壤调理剂 水稻 大田 安全生产 |
| 英文关键词 cadmium（Cd） soil conditioner rice field safe production |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究土壤调理剂对酸性镉（Cd）污染土壤中Cd的迁移特征的影响,基于大田试验,研究施加天象1号（TX1）、石灰（Li）、硅肥（Si）、诺地康（NDK）和钙镁磷肥（CaMg-P） 5种土壤调理剂对土壤-水稻系统中Cd累积与转运和水稻产量的影响.结果表明：①与对照处理相比,各处理土壤pH值提升0.41~0.68个单位,土壤有效态Cd（DTPA-Cd）含量降幅为11.2%~39.7%,其中Li和NDK处理DTPA-Cd差异达显著水平（P<0.05）.②与空白对照相比,施用土壤调理剂可以显著降低水稻体内Cd总量,根系、其他叶、穗轴、颖壳和糙米中Cd含量均显著低于CK处理（P<0.05）,各部位间Cd转运系数表现为TF根-其他节>TF根-第一节>TF根-其他叶>TF根-穗轴>TF根-颖壳 ≈ TF根-剑叶>TF根-糙米,且糙米Cd含量均符合《食品安全国家标准》（GB 2762-2017）中限量标准（0.2 mg·kg-1）,其中TX1、Li和CaMg-P处理降Cd效果显著,ω（Cd）分别为0.097、0.094和0.134 mg·kg-1.③施加土壤调理剂可增产9.9%~35.8%,CaMg-P和TX1处理产量显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）.④相关性分析结果表明：糙米Cd含量与DTPA-Cd含量、土壤有效态Fe（DTPA-Fe）含量和有效磷（OP）呈显著正相关,而与土壤pH值呈显著负相关.综上所述,推荐TX1和CaMg-P在重金属Cd轻度污染农田应用以保障农产品安全. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A plot experiment was carried out to assess the applicability of soil conditioners on Cd-polluted acidic paddy fields. The effects of five soil conditioners[Tianxiang 1 Hao (TX1), limestone (Li), silicon fertilizer, Nuodikang (NDK), and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CaMg-P)] on Cd accumulation and transport between contaminated soil and rice plants and rice yield on the land were analyzed. The results showed that compared with that under the control, other tested methods increased soil pH by 0.41-0.68 units and decreased available Cd content in the soil by 11.2%-39.7%. The difference between Li- and NDK-treated soil available Cd reached a significant level (P < 0.05). ② Compared with that in the blank control, the application of soil conditioner could significantly reduce the total amount of Cd in rice, and the Cd content in roots, other leaves, rachises, chaffs, and brown rice were significantly lower than those in the CK treatment (P < 0.05). The Cd translation factor between various sites was shown as TFroots-other nodes > TFroots-first nodes > TFroots-rachises > TFroots-chaffs ≈ TFroots-flag leaves > TFroots-brown rice. The Cd content of brown rice met the national safety standard (0.2 mg·kg-1), in which the TX1, Li, and CaMg-P treatments showed significant Cd reduction effects, and ω(Cd) was 0.097, 0.094, and 0.134 mg·kg-1, respectively. ③ The application of soil conditioner could increase the yield by 9.9%-35.8%, and the yield of the CaMg-P and TX1 treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P < 0.05). ④ Correlation analysis showed that the Cd content in brown rice was significantly positively correlated with available Cd content in soil, available Fe content in soil, and available phosphorus but negatively correlated with soil pH. In summary, TX1 and CaMg-P are recommended to be applied in farmland lightly polluted by the heavy metal Cd to ensure the safety of agricultural products. |
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