| 南方典型农田区浅层地下水污染特征 |
| 摘要点击 2452 全文点击 1086 投稿时间：2016-06-20 修订日期：2016-07-27 |
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| 中文关键词 天然水化学 有机物 重金属 三维荧光光谱 浅层地下水 太湖流域 |
| 英文关键词 natural water chemistry organic matter heavy metal fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra shallow groundwater Taihu River Basin |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为分析我国南方农田生态系统浅层地下水污染特征及主要污染物的地球化学行为，以太湖流域典型农田区域为对象，联合常规水质分析方法、荧光光谱技术和多元统计分析手段，研究了浅层地下水的水化学特性、溶解性有机物和重金属分布特征及其成因. 结果表明，研究区水体呈还原态，浅层地下水的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca·Na，三氮含量中硝态氮最高，氨氮、亚硝态氮次之. 类腐殖酸、类色氨酸和类酪氨酸为浅层地下水中溶解性有机物的主要组分，由陆源与生物内源双重贡献. 影响地下水中溶解性有机物分布的主要因素为地表水补给及地下水流方向. 所检测的9种重金属元素，Fe和Cr平均浓度高于国家地下水环境质量Ⅲ类标准，且部分点位的Fe、Cr、Mn、Zn含量存在超标. 相关性分析结果显示，荧光性有机物变化特征可较好反映浅层地下水的污染状况，其中类蛋白物质与氨氮密切相关；Cu、Ni分布与DOC相关，且主要络合于小分子荧光性有机物上. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To analyze the characteristics of shallow groundwater pollution in farmland ecosystem in south China and geochemical behavior of major pollutants in the environment, taking the typical farmland in Taihu River Basin as the object, combined with conventional analysis method of the water quality, fluorescence spectrum technology and multivariate statistical analysis method, the characteristics of the water chemistry in shadow groundwater and the distribution of the dissolved organic matter and the heavy metals were studied. The reasons for all the phenomena were researched as well. The result showed that, water body in the study area showed the reducing atmosphere, the main chemical types of shallow groundwater were HCO3-Ca·Na, and compared to the contents of NH3--N and NH2--N, the concentration of NH4+-N was higher. Dissolved organic matter of the shallow groundwater was composed of humic acid, tryptophan and tyrosine. And they were mainly derived from terrestrial and biological source. The distribution was affected by the flow direction of the surface water supplies and groundwater. In the detection of nine kinds of heavy metal elements, the average concentrations of Fe and Cr were higher than the national groundwater environmental quality in class Ⅲ standard. And the contents of Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn elements at some points exceeded the standard. The results showed that fluorescent organic matter characteristics could better reflect the status of shallow groundwater pollution, in which the kind of protein-like substances was closely related to the ammonia nitrogen. The heavy metal elements Cu and Ni were associated with the dissolved organic matter and they were mainly complexed in small molecular fluorescent organic matter. |
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