| 珠江三角洲地区土壤有机氯农药分布特征及风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2572 全文点击 1338 投稿时间：2015-04-13 修订日期：2015-05-18 |
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| 中文关键词 表层土壤 有机氯农药 分布特征 珠江三角洲经济区 |
| 英文关键词 surface soil organochlorine pesticides distribution characteristics Pearl River Delta economic zone |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 在珠江三角洲经济区采集了7种典型农用地的605个表层样品,采用GC-ECD定量测定土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量,并对其残留特征、区域分布、可能来源和潜在生态风险进行了分析. 结果表明,研究区土壤中OCPs检出率达97.85%,残留浓度最高值为649.33 μg·kg-1,平均值为20.67 μg·kg-1,主要检出物是DDTs、HCHs、硫丹硫酸盐和甲氧滴滴涕. 与国内其他地区相比,研究区土壤HCHs和DDTs残留属于中下水平. OCPs分布区域特征非常明显,高含量区主要分布在人口密集,工农业生产活动强度大的珠三角中心城市区域. 不同土地利用类型土壤OCPs残留量差异较大,耕地残留量较高,且菜地土壤中有机氯农药残留量最高,其次是园地,林地残留量最低. 来源分析表明,土壤中HCHs主要来源于林丹使用,DDTs主要来源于早期施用农药的残留, 局部地区三氯杀螨醇已经成为土壤DDTs污染的主要来源. 参照土壤环境质量标准,研究区HCHs残留量一级、二级标准合格率分别为97.5%和100%,DDTs一级、二级标准合格率分别为95.5%和97.7%. 土壤HCHs残留属于低风险,DDTs类有机氯农药对研究区生物可能存在一定的生态风险,但危害性总体较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The contents of 17 Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) of 605 samples collected from the surface of agriculture land from Pearl River Delta Economic Zone were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC–ECD). The residual characteristics, sources and ecological risk of OCPs were also analyzed. The results showed that the detection rate of OCPs was 97.85 %. The mean value of residue level was 20.67 μg·kg-1, with the highest value of 649.33 μg·kg-1. The main contaminants included DDTs, HCHs, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor. Compared with the soils of other cities, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in the studied area were arranged from low to middle levels. The OCPs were obviously regionally distributed. High content areas were mainly distributed in the central area with dense population, intense industrial and agricultural activities. The residue levels in different types of lands were significantly different: the arable land > garden land > woodland. Especially,the residue level was the highest in the vegetable land. Source analysis indicated that the HCHs might come from the use of lindane. DDTs in soil mainly came from early residues, but the dicofol might be the important source in partial area. Comparing the contents of HCHs and DDTs with our National Standard (GB 15618-2008), the qualified rates of the first and second standard of HCHs were 97.5% and 100%, respectively, and the DDTs were 95.5% and 97.7%, respectively. According to the risk assessment, DDTs may still have some potential ecological impact on the studied area. |
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