| To explore the seasonal variation and source apportionment of soluble ions in PM10, PM2.1 and PM1.1, the aerosol mass concentration and soluble ion concentration were investigated during a one-year observation in the urban-district and north suburb. As the results showed, ① The concentrations of PM10, PM2.1, PM1.1 were in the order of winter>spring>autumn>summer. In spring, summer and autumn, the concentrations of PM10, PM2.1, PM1.1 in the north suburb were higher than in the urban, while the situation was opposite in winter. ② SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl-, K+, Na+, F-, NO2-, Mg2+ were measured, and their total concentration in PM10 was 46 μg·m-3 in urban sites and 39.6 μg·m-3 in north suburbs. Mass fraction percentage of water soluble ions in PM2.1-10, PM1.1-2.1, PM1.1 in the urban district increased from 20.4% to 49.5% and 56%, and the value in the north suburb increased from 18.3% to 37.9% and 42.5%. ③ Major ions, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, second components and Ca2+, had significant seasonal variation. In the urban district, the highest concentrations were observed in winter, and the lowest in summer, while in the north suburb, the highest concentrations were observed in spring, and the lowest in summer. The seasonal changing climate in Nanjing and different anthropogenic influences with land surface in urban-suburb may be the major factors for the ions' seasonal variation. ④ NH4+, SO42-, NO3- came from secondary chemical reactions of NH3, SO2, NOx, and these precursors mostly came from automobile exhaust in Summer while equally came from automobile exhaust and fossil fuel in winter. Cl- came from biomass burning in Winter while transported from sea salt with Na+ in Summer. Ca2+ and Mg2+ came from ground dust and construction dust. K+, F-, NO2- may come from biomass burning and industrial emissions. |
