| 基于扩散模式反演的橡胶轮胎制造行业VOCs排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 1714 全文点击 803 投稿时间：2018-11-23 修订日期：2019-02-19 |
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| 中文关键词 橡胶轮胎制造 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 排放源强 排放因子 扩散模式反演 |
| 英文关键词 rubber tire manufacturing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) source emission calculation emission factor diffusion mode inversion |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取我国华北地区某轮胎制造企业为研究对象，针对其挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放，开展了VOCs外场观测试验，并通过ISC3模式反演获得该企业VOCs排放源强.观测结果表明，厂外上风向背景点和下风向受体点之间存在显著的VOCs浓度差异和化学组分差异.20种潜在排放污染物在背景点和受体点TVOCs浓度平均值分别为53.8 μg·m-3和127.5 μg·m-3，背景点化合物以丙烷（7.2 μg·m-3）、丙酮（7.5 μg·m-3）、壬醛（12.7 μg·m-3）、丁烷（4.9 μg·m-3）和乙醛（2.7 μg·m-3）为主；受体点化合物以壬醛（43.5 μg·m-3）、丙烷（11.4 μg·m-3）、乙醛（7.4 μg·m-3）、己烷（11.9 μg·m-3）和丁烷（7.3 μg·m-3）为主.背景点和受体点VOCs差异（Δc）为该企业潜在排放的VOCs贡献，以烷烃（31.39%）和含氧挥发性有机物（33.15%）为主.继而，本文利用ISC3模式，基于观测期间气象条件，获得了每次试验每个受体点的浓度与源强的关系系数，并基于该关系系数计算了该企业的VOCs排放源强.反演结果显示，该橡胶轮胎制造厂VOCs年排放量平均值为（152.8±188.2） t，以壬醛、甲苯、正己烷、丙烷和苯为主，折合VOCs排放因子约每条轮胎101.9 g.本文反算的排放因子与AP42接近，远低于我国推荐的排放因子数值.以此排放因子计算，当前我国轮胎制造行业VOCs排放量约为62.13 kt·a-1，主要分布在山东省28.70 kt·a-1和江浙沪地区20.5 kt·a-1，该行业VOCs排放对O3存在较为重要的贡献，其臭氧生成潜势约为130.87 kt·a-1，而对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势较小，仅为0.86 kt·a-1. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study selected a rubber tire manufacturing factory located in the North China Plain, and conducted ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observation tests, and calculated the emission of VOCs based on the inverse-dispersion calculation method. The monitoring results found significant differences in both VOC concentrations and chemical composition between the up-wind (background) and the downwind receptors. The average concentrations of VOCs measured by the background and receptors were 53.8 μg·m-3 and 127.5 μg·m-3, respectively. Propane (7.2 μg·m-3), cetone (7.5 μg·m-3), nonanal (12.7 μg·m-3), n-butane (4.9 μg·m-3), and acetaldehyde (2.7 μg·m-3) were the dominant components of background VOCs, and nonanal (43.5 μg·m-3), propane (11.4 μg·m-3), acetaldehyde (7.4 μg·m-3), hexane (11.9 μg·m-3), and n-butane (7.3 μg·m-3) were the dominant components of receptor VOCs. The difference in VOCs between the background and receptors is considered to reflect contributions from the factory, the main components of which were of alkanes (31.39%) and oxygenated organic compounds (33.15%). Using the ISC3 model, the relation coefficient γ between the downwind VOCs increment and the emissions of the factory was calculated for each receptor of each test based on the hourly average meteorological conditions during the observation period. Combining the relation coefficient γ with the difference in VOCs between the receptor and the background, we calculated VOC emission amounts from this factory of 152.8±188.2 t·a-1 and a VOC emission factor (EF) for the rubber tire manufacturing industry of VOC 101.9 g·tire-1. Our estimated EF was loser to EF of U. S. AP42 (55 g·tire-1), but greatly lower than the EF of China's reference (900 g·tire-1). Although our calculations had a relatively higher standard deviation, these results are helpful for better understanding the emission of VOCs from the rubber manufacturing industry. Based on our calculated EF, China's national VOCs emissions from the rubber tire manufacturing industry would be approximately 62.13 kt·a-1, which represents a significant potential contribution to ozone formation (130.87 kt·a-1), but the organic aerosol formation potential is small (0.86 kt·a-1). |
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