| 青岛4个海水浴场微塑料的分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 3974 全文点击 1230 投稿时间：2018-10-12 修订日期：2019-01-11 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料(MPs) 海水浴场 分布特征 傅里叶红外 青岛 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics(MPs) bathing beach distribution characteristics FTIR spectrometer Qingdao |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 罗雅丹 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100 | 17860729965@163.com | | 林千惠 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100 | | | 贾芳丽 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100 | | | 徐功娣 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
海南热带海洋学院生态环境学院, 三亚 572022 | | | 李锋民 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100 | lifengmin@ouc.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料（microplastics，MPs）作为有毒有害物质的载体，会随洋流作用传播、被生物摄入并影响其生长代谢，已经成为全球性的环境问题.为揭示青岛近岸MPs分布规律和影响因素，利用表层现场采样、密度悬浮法分离、光学显微镜和荧光显微镜结合观察的方法，研究了青岛近岸4个典型海水浴场海水和沉积物中MPs丰度分布，分析了各海水浴场MPs的粒径范围、形状和化学成分.结果表明，4个浴场海水中MPs含量范围为5.05×103~1.25×104个·m-3；沉积物中MPs含量范围为1.91×103~4.35×103个·m-2，海水中MPs含量高的站位相应沉积物中含量也高.4种粒径范围MPs在海水及沉积物中皆表现为粒径大小与其含量成负相关，例如，海水中MPs含量最高的为0.05~0.1 mm（4.10×103个·m-3），最低为1~5 mm（2.05×103个·m-3）.纤维状MPs在海水中和沉积物中均占比最高，分别为48.73%和37.51%，其次为颗粒和碎片型.用ATR-FTIR从海水中检测出8种塑料类型，含量由高到低为：PET>PP>PS>PE>PVC≈SB>PA≈PMA；沉积物中检测出6种MPs，同海水相比，没有PMA和PA，含量较高的4种MPs类型与海水相同.沉积物中的MPs在粒径、形状及成分上与海水具有相似性，说明青岛近岸海水浴场的海水及沉积物可能有相同的污染源：包装行业、服装纺织业、旅游业.研究结果为揭示沿海旅游型城市海水浴场MPs的分布及来源、开展海岸带MPs污染研究与监督工作提供了基础数据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics (MPs, plastic fibers, debris, or particles that are generally smaller than 5 mm in diameter) can serve as carriers for hazardous substances, which are ingested by organisms in the ocean and can affect their growth and metabolism. Moreover, MPs will spread with ocean currents, and MP pollution has become a global problem. In this study, the MP abundance distribution of four typical beaches near the coast of Qingdao was studied by the combination of ordinary microscope and fluorescence microscope methods. In addition, the distribution of MPs collected from various beaches in different particle size ranges, shapes, and chemical compositions was discussed. Abundances on the sea surface varied between 5.05×103 particles·m-3 and 1.25×104 particles·m-3, and the concentration of MPs in sand varied between 1.91×103 particles·m-2 and 4.35×103 particles·m-2, with no significant differences detected among the four beaches examined. The results show the pervasiveness of MP pollution in coastal environments of Qingdao. The size of particles found in this study ranged from 5 mm to 50 μm, and increases in abundance were detected with the decreasing particle size. Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 96% polystyrene+4% butadiene copolymer (SB), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), and polyamide (PA) were present in seawater in coastal environments of Qingdao, and compared with the seawater samples, no PA or PMA were found in sand. Research results indicated that fiber was dominant in seawater and sand. MPs in the sand were similar to those in seawater in terms of the particle size, shape, and composition, thus indicating that the seawater and sand of the bathing beaches in Qingdao may have the same pollution sources, e. g., the packaging industry, clothing textile industry, and tourism. This paper studies the distribution and sources of MPs in the bathing beaches of Qingdao, and it provides basic data for research and supervision of environmental MP pollution in Chinese coastal zones. |
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