| 垦殖对桂林会仙喀斯特湿地土壤养分与微生物活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2579 全文点击 768 投稿时间：2017-07-23 修订日期：2017-10-18 |
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| 中文关键词 垦殖 喀斯特湿地 微生物活性 土壤理化性质 土层深度 |
| 英文关键词 reclamation Karst wetland microbial activity soil physicochemical properties soil layer |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 黄科朝 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | kchuanggxib@163.com | | 沈育伊 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 徐广平 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | xugpgx@163.com | | 黄玉清 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 张德楠 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 孙英杰 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 李艳琼 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 何文 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | | | 周龙武 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选择桂林会仙喀斯特湿地不同垦殖方式的土壤为研究对象，通过研究原生沼泽湿地及其开垦21 a的水田和旱地0~40 cm不同深度的土壤理化性质、微生物数量、酶活性、微生物呼吸等变化趋势，以揭示垦殖对会仙喀斯特湿地土壤质量的影响.结果表明：①垦殖导致会仙喀斯特湿地土壤呈现偏酸性和养分含量降低的趋势，垦殖后土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、速效氮（AN）、全磷（TP）、速效磷（AP）、全钾（TK）和速效钾（AK）总体上趋于减小，并且表层土壤减小的趋势最为显著.②垦殖改变了土壤微生物数量分布的相对比例关系，水田土壤的细菌和放线菌数量最高，而土壤真菌数量则在旱地最高（P<0.001）.③垦殖降低了各土层蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性，在旱地的数值最低.④垦殖后土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、基础呼吸（BR）、呼吸势（PR）和微生物熵（qMB）总体上均趋于减小，代谢熵（qCO2）在湿地表现为先增大后减小的趋势，而在水田和旱地则一致表现为逐渐升高的趋势.各土层的MBC、MBN、BR、PR和qMB普遍呈现出湿地 > 水田 > 旱地的趋势.qCO2在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层表现为湿地 > 水田 > 旱地，而在20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层则表现为旱地 > 水田 > 湿地.综上，垦殖显著降低了土壤的微生物活性，土壤质量呈现下降趋势，对旱地土壤影响较为严重.在会仙喀斯特湿地生态恢复过程中，应减少垦殖旱地和水田的面积，退耕恢复湿地面积. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the effect of reclamation on soil quality in the Huixian Karst Wetland, samples from different soil levels were collected from marsh wetland, reclaimed paddy field, and reclaimed dry farmland, for analyzing soil nutrient (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) contents, microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen (MBC/MBN), and microbial activity indicators[i.e. basal respiration (BR), potential respiration (PR), microbial quotient (qMB), and metabolic quotient (qCO2)]. The correlations between the soil nutrient contents and soil microbial activity indictors were examined. The results showed that:①Artificial reclamation led to the trend of slight acidity in the soil and a marked loss in soil nutrients, while, the pH value, soil water content (SWC), and the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) decreased with reclamation. ②Among all the microbes, bacteria were the most numerous, followed by actinomycetes, and fungi were the least numerous. The microbial quantity decreased with the increase in the soil depth on the whole. The proportion of bacteria and actinomycetes were much higher in the paddy field, and that of fungi was the highest in the dry farmland. ③ In total, protease, sucrase, urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase activities decreased with the increasing of soil depths. Soil reclamation reduced the soil enzyme activities. ④qCO2 decreased after an initial increase in the marsh wetland, while it rose gradually in the reclaimed paddy field and reclaimed dry farmland. The contents of MBC, MBN, BR, PR, and qMB were the highest in the marsh wetland, followed by those in the reclaimed paddy field, with the lowest contents occurring in the reclaimed dry farmland. The trend of qCO2 contents in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers followed the order of marsh wetland > paddy field > dry farmland, but in the 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers, it showed the order dry farmland > paddy field > marsh wetland. The continuation of reclamation resulted in the decrease in soil microbial activity, and soil quality as well, especially in the dry farmland. Meanwhile, we should reduce the areas of paddy fields and dry farmlands under reclamation during the process of wetland ecological restoration in future. Conversion of farmlands to wetlands or lakes, to improve and increase the size of wetland ecosystems of nearby lands, should be done gradually. |
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