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天目湖沙河水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性
摘要点击 3001  全文点击 847  投稿时间:2017-04-15  修订日期:2017-05-13
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中文关键词  水库  浮游植物  时空差异  硅藻  蓝藻  富营养化
英文关键词  reservoir  phytoplankton  spatial-temporal variation  diatom  cyanobacteria  eutrophication
作者单位E-mail
孙祥 安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 芜湖 241003 xsun1992@outlook.com 
朱广伟 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
杨文斌 安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 芜湖 241003 ywb1968@mail.ahnu.edu.cn 
朱梦圆 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
许海 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
国超旋 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
余丽 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
史浩辰 南京师范大学附属中学, 南京 210003  
杭心语 南京师范大学附属中学, 南京 210003  
徐涤非 南京师范大学附属中学, 南京 210003  
中文摘要
      为揭示水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性,以江苏省溧阳市天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的连续监测结果,分析了水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区浮游植物群落结构的季节差异及影响因素.结果表明,空间上营养盐、浊度和悬浮颗粒物等关键水质指标及浮游植物叶绿素a含量均呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的现象,透明度呈现河流区<过渡区<湖泊区的现象,其中河流区的各环境因子与过渡区和湖泊区的空间差异显著(ANOVA,P < 0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间仅在透明度、浊度、悬浮颗粒物等物理参数方面差异显著;同样,浮游植物生物量上也呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的现象,其中河流区与过渡区、湖泊区之间差异显著(ANOVA,P < 0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间则无显著性差异;但在浮游植物的优势属方面,河流区、过渡区、湖泊区基本一致,仅隐藻门生物量在河流区、过渡区、湖泊区具有显著性差异(ANOVA,P < 0.05),呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的特征.不同季节之间浮游植物群落结构差异较大:生物量在夏季最高,冬季最低;优势属在春季以针杆藻(Synedra)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、隐藻(Cryptomonas)和曲壳藻(Achnanthes)为主,夏季以针杆藻、隐藻、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis)、席藻(Phormidium)为主,秋季以隐藻、针杆藻、尖头藻、束丝藻(Aphanizomenon)为主,冬季以隐藻、针杆藻、曲壳藻和小环藻为主;其中针杆藻、隐藻为全年优势属.统计分析表明,水温、总磷、透明度是浮游植物时空差异的主要影响因子.研究表明,对于沙河水库这种换水周期为4个月的大(Ⅱ)型水库,虽然浮游植物总生物量在空间上有显著性差异,但群落组成上仅隐藻属的空间差异显著,多数浮游植物群落结构在空间分布差异较小,当浮游植物群落结构调查时可以适当减少观测点位,提高采样频次,以提高水库环境监测的样品代表性.
英文摘要
      Monthly investigations of the phytoplankton community and the associated environmental drivers during the past eight years in the Shahe Reservoir, Jiangsu Province, China revealed the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton and the associated driving factors in the reservoir. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), turbidity (Turb), suspended solids (SS), and chlorophyll-a (CHL) were the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the downstream-linked reservoir. In contrast, the highest Secchi disk depth (SDD) was recorded in the Shahe Reservoir and that the lowest in the upstream tributaries. Significant differences in water quality indices were recorded among the upstream tributaries, the transition region, and the downstream-linked reservoir area (ANOVA, P<0.05). The biomass of phytoplankton was the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the reservoir. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was recorded in the summer and the lowest in the winter. Synedra, Cyclotella, Cryptomonas, and Achnanthes were the dominant genera in the spring; Synedra, Cryptomonas, Raphidiopsis, and Phormidium were dominant in the summer; Cryptomonas, Synedra, Raphidiopsis, and Aphanizomenon were dominant in the autumn; and Cryptomonas, Synedra, Achnanthes, and Cyclotella were dominant in the winter. Synedra and Cryptomonas were the dominant genera throughout the year. The correlation analysis shows that TP, water temperature, and SDD were the most important driving factors for the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton. Notable spatial differences were recorded for Cryptomonas, while minimal variations were recorded for the remaining species. A smaller number sampling sites and a higher sampling frequency are needed to characterize the phytoplankton community in the Shahe Reservoir.

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