| 泉州市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子季节变化特征及来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 2685 全文点击 848 投稿时间：2017-03-14 修订日期：2017-05-14 |
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| 中文关键词 泉州市 PM2.5 水溶性离子 季节变化 来源 |
| 英文关键词 Quanzhou City PM2.5 water-soluble ions seasonal variation source |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为掌握泉州市大气PM2.5中无机水溶性离子的季节变化特征，于2014年3月~2015年1月同步采集了泉州市5个采样点共116个PM2.5样品.用离子色谱法分析了PM2.5中Na+、NH4+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-、Cl-、NO3-和SO42-等9种水溶性无机离子.观测期间，总水溶性离子浓度季节变化特征为春季（14.24±6.43）μg·m-3 >冬季（8.54±7.61）μg·m-3 >夏季（4.10±2.67）μg·m-3 >秋季（3.91±2.58）μg·m-3；SO42-、NO3-和NH4+（SNA）是PM2.5中主要的3种离子，占水溶性离子总质量浓度比例分别为春季（90.3±3.3）%、夏季（68.8±11.7）%、秋季（78.9±7.1）%和冬季（74.0±18.4）%，说明春季二次污染较为严重；PM2.5中阴、阳离子电荷平衡分析显示，阴离子相对亏损，大气细颗粒物组分呈弱碱性；春、冬季NH4+主要以（NH4）2SO4、NH4HSO4和NH4NO3等形式存在，而夏、秋季则主要以NH4HSO4和NH4NO3形式存在；PMF源解析结果表明，泉州市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子主要来自海盐、二次源、建筑扬尘、垃圾焚烧源和生物质燃烧源. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In this study, the seasonal characteristics of water-soluble ions (WSIs) present in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Quanzhou City were investigated. PM2.5 samples were collected at five different sites in the city from March 2014 to January 2015 and the concentrations of Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. In order to identify the sources of these WSIs, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was applied. The seasonal variations in total WSI concentrations were found to decrease in the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn. The ions SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were the major WSIs found in PM2.5, accounting for 90.3%±3.3%, 68.8%±11.7%, 78.9%±7.1%, and 74.0%±18.4% of the total amount of ions found in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. These results suggested that the level of secondary ions was relatively high in the spring season. The anion-to-cation ratio in each of the four seasons was less than one, which indicated that PM2.5 in Quanzhou City was slightly alkaline. Furthermore, NH4+ ions in PM2.5 mostly existed in the form of (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and NH4NO3 during spring and winter, while they were primarily found as NH4HSO4 and NH4NO3 in the summer and autumn seasons. PMF analysis revealed that marine salt, secondary sources, fugitive dust from construction, municipal incineration, and biomass burning were the main potential sources of the ionic components of PM2.5. |
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