| 淮河流域安徽段水体和沉积物微塑料赋存特征及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 1411 全文点击 429 投稿时间：2022-10-18 修订日期：2022-11-13 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 淮河流域 表层水 沉积物 赋存特征 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics Huaihe River Basin surface water sediment occurrence characteristics risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究淮河流域安徽段水体与沉积物微塑料赋存特征及生态风险级别，采用野外采样、体式显微镜、扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）以及风险指数（H）和污染负荷指数（PLI）模型等方法，分析了流域水体和沉积物微塑料现状，并进行了微塑料生态风险评估.结果表明，流域各点位微塑料检测率为100%，表层水与沉积物微塑料平均丰度分别为（39800±3367） n ·m-3和（5078±447） n ·kg-1，下游微塑料平均丰度要高于上游和中游.水体和沉积物微塑料粒径以20~150 μm为主，占比分别为82.96%和80.77%.微塑料形状主要为纤维（水体76.05%、沉积物84.53%）、薄膜（水体21.83%、沉积物15.43%）和碎片（水体2.12%、沉积物0.04%）.水体和沉积物中微塑料主要以透明颜色为主，占比分别为63.31%和83.69%.水体和沉积物主要以聚乙烯（水体65.74%、沉积物80.62%）和聚丙烯（水体18.43%、沉积物9.71%）为主，微塑料主要来源于农业薄膜、废弃渔具渔网和港口人为废弃的塑料袋.微塑料风险指数（H）模型评估表明部分点位风险指数较高，淮河流域安徽段微塑料风险等级为Ⅱ级，污染负荷指数（PLI）模型评估表明流域地表水体和沉积物总体上生态风险较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The occurrence characteristics and ecological risk level of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Anhui section of Huaihe River Basin were analyzed via field sampling, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), risk index (H), and pollution load index (PLI) model. The current situation of microplastics in the water and sediments of the basin was analyzed, and the ecological risk assessment of microplastics was conducted. The results showed that the detection rate of microplastics at each site in the basin was 100%. The average abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediments was (39800±3367) n·m-3 and (5078±447) n·kg-1, respectively. The average abundance of microplastics in the downstream was higher than that in the upstream and midstream. The particle size of microplastics in water and sediments was primarily 20-150 μm, accounting for 82.96% and 80.77%, respectively. The microplastics were primarily fiber (water 76.05%, sediment 84.53%), film (water 21.83%, sediment 15.43%), and debris (water 2.12%, sediment 0.04%). The microplastics in water and sediments were primarily transparent, accounting for 63.31% and 83.69%, respectively. Polyethylene (65.74% in water and 80.62% in sediment) and polypropylene (18.43% in water and 9.71% in sediment) were the major components of water and sediments. Microplastics were primarily derived from agricultural films, abandoned fishing gear and nets, and artificially abandoned plastic bags in ports. The microplastic risk index (H) model assessment revealed that the risk index of some sites was high, and the risk level of microplastics in the Anhui section of Huaihe River Basin was grade II. The pollution load index (PLI) model assessment revealed that the ecological risk of surface water and sediments in the basin was generally low. |
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