| 博鳌近岸海域表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物的分布、来源与生态风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 1438 全文点击 356 投稿时间：2022-09-15 修订日期：2022-11-01 |
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| 中文关键词 博鳌近海海域 表层沉积物 持久性有机污染物(POPs) 来源分析 生态风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 Boao coastal waters surface sediments persistent organic pollutants(POPs) source analysis ecological risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 环境中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有持久性、生物蓄积性、致畸、致癌和致突变等特点, 低剂量POPs长期暴露也会对海洋生态系统及人类自身造成一定影响.为了解博鳌近岸海域表层沉积物中POPs的污染状况,采用气相色谱-质谱法分别分析了表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)这3种典型POPs的含量,讨论了POPs的分布和来源,并应用效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)、平均效应区间中值商法(M-ERM-Q)和平均可能影响浓度商法(M-PEC-Q)这3种不同方法进行生态风险评价.结果表明,研究区内表层沉积物中ΣPAHs、ΣOCPs和ΣPCBs含量(以干重计)分别为4.58~367.50、3.99~175.30和ND~2.89 ng ·g-1,整体分布呈现出向海方向逐渐增加的趋势.POPs来源分析结果表明,研究区内PAHs的来源主要为木材和煤等的燃烧; OCPs中六六六类主要为林丹的输入,历史陆源输入已完全降解,滴滴涕类以传统DDTs类农药为主,且有持续的DDT输入; PCBs以五氯联苯为主,可能来源于航运过程中早期船体底部油漆的释放以及废旧船只油漆的剥落.生态风险评价结果表明,3种方法评估结果相差不大,表现为研究区内PAHs仅菲单体存在轻微的负面影响,OCPs中DDT及γ-HCH等会产生较大的生态风险性,PCBs等其他均不产生生态风险影响,整体上3种污染物产生综合生态风险的可能性很小. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment have the characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Long-term exposure of low-content POPs will also have a certain impact on marine ecosystems and human beings. The contents of three typical persistent organic pollutants[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polycyclic biphenyls (PCBs)] of surface sediments were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess the pollution characteristics of persistent organic pollutants in Boao coastal waters. The distribution and source of persistent organic pollutants were analyzed in this study, and the ecological risk was assessed using three different methods:the effect interval low/median method (ERL/ERM), mean effect interval median quotient method (M-ERM-Q), and mean potential impact concentration quotient method (M-PEC-Q). The results indicated that the contents (measured by dry weight) of ΣPAHs, ΣOCPs, and ΣPCBs in the study area were 4.5-367.50, 3.99-175.30, and ND-2.89 ng·g-1, respectively, which were at a low level, and the overall distribution showed a trend of gradually increasing toward the sea. The results of POPs source analysis showed that the PAHs in the study area were mainly from the combustion of wood and coal. Among OCPs, the HCH was mainly from lindane, the historical land-based input had been completely degraded, and the DDT was mainly the traditional DDTs pesticides, with additional continuous DDT input. The PCBs were primarily pentachlorobiphenyls, which might have come from the release of paint on the bottom of the hull in the early stage of shipping and the peeling off of paint from old ships. The ecological risk assessment results showed that there was little difference among the assessment results of the three methods, which showed that only phenanthrene monomer of PAHs in the study area had a slight negative impact, and the DDT and the γ-HCH among PAHs would cause great ecological risk, whereas PCBs and other pollutants would not cause ecological risk. On the whole, the possibility of comprehensive ecological risk caused by the three pollutants was very small. |
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