| 基于PMF模型的农田土壤重金属源暴露风险综合评价:以浙江省某电子垃圾拆解区为例 |
| 摘要点击 1391 全文点击 453 投稿时间：2022-08-17 修订日期：2022-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 农田土壤 土壤重金属 空间分布 污染源解析 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 farmland soil heavy metal spatial distribution pollution source apportionment health risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究农田土壤重金属污染特征、来源及其人体健康风险，为农田污染治理提供重要科学依据，采集了浙江省典型电子垃圾拆解区周边农田133个表层（0~20 cm）土壤样本，测定了土壤Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As和Hg含量，运用多种方法评价重金属污染程度及生态风险，采用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）融合地统计学，解译污染来源及定量各个污染源的贡献度，将源解析结果和人体健康风险评价模型相结合，从来源暴露角度评价了各个污染源对人体健康的风险.结果表明，ω（Cd）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Zn）、ω（Ni）、ω（As）和ω（Hg）平均值：0.76、65.22、92.02、103.92、198.49、36.65、5.97和0.20 mg ·kg-1，Cd和Cu含量平均值均高于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值，点位污染占比分别为85.71%和96.24%.Pb、Cr、Zn和Ni含量平均值超过浙江省温黄平原土壤背景值，As和Hg在限值内.污染评价结果表明，土壤综合潜在生态风险以轻-中度为主，占比达90.98%，较高和高度风险占比都为4.51%，Cd为主要潜在生态风险元素.研究区重金属污染来源主要为电子垃圾拆解工序污染源（26.82%）、燃煤及交通排放混合源（34.50%）、自然母质及农业投入混合源（25.59%）和电子垃圾酸洗径流及固废淋溶来源（13.09%）.儿童重金属暴露健康风险显著大于成年人，自然母质和农业投入混合源对人体健康风险贡献最多，Cr是对人体健康风险影响最大的元素. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to explore the characteristics and sources of heavy metals in farmland soil and their risks to human health and to provide an important scientific basis for farmland pollution control, 133 surface soils (0-20 cm) were collected from typical agricultural production areas in Zhejiang Province, and the contents of soil Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, and Hg were determined. Various methods were applied to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in farmland and its ecological risks in the study area. The method of combining Kriging interpolation and positive definite matrix factor analysis (PMF) was applied to analyze the pollution sources and quantify the contribution of each pollution source. Combined with the health risk assessment model, the risk to human health of each pollution source was evaluated from the perspective of source exposure. The results showed that the average ω(Cd), ω(Pb), ω(Cr), ω(Cu), ω(Zn), ω(Ni), ω(As), and ω(Hg) were 0.76, 65.22, 92.02, 103.92, 198.49, 36.65, 5.97, and 0.20 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average contents of Cd and Cu were higher than the risk screening values of soil contamination of agricultural land, and 85.71% and 96.24% of soil was contaminated by heavy metals. The average contents of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni exceeded the soil background values of the Wenhuang Plain in Zhejiang Province, and the As and Hg contents were within the limit values. The potential soil ecological risks were mainly light-moderate, accounting for 90.98%, and both high and higher risk accounted for 4.51%; Cd was the main potential ecological risk element. The main sources of heavy metal pollution in the study area were the sources of the electronic waste dismantling process (26.82%), the mixed sources of coal combustion and traffic emissions (34.50%), mixed sources of natural parent materials and agricultural inputs (25.59%), and e-waste pickling runoff and solid waste leaching sources (13.09%). The health risk of heavy metal exposure to children was significantly greater than that in adults. Mixed sources of natural parent materials and agricultural inputs contributed the most to human health risks, and Cr was the element with the greatest contribution to human health risks. |
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