| 长期生草栽培对山核桃人工林土壤真菌群落和酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1204 全文点击 470 投稿时间：2022-05-11 修订日期：2022-07-16 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 生草栽培 人工林 土壤真菌群落 土壤酶 山核桃 |
| 英文关键词 sod cultivation plantation soil fungal community soil enzyme Carya cathayensis |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究长期生草栽培对山核桃（Carya cathayensis）人工林土壤肥力、真菌群落和酶活性的影响，为其他人工林生态经营提供参考，在山核桃人工林地进行了为期10 a的定位试验.设计了油菜（BR）、紫云英（AS）和油菜+紫云英（BA）这3种生草栽培模式，并以清耕（CT）作为对照，测定了山核桃林地土壤养分、土壤真菌群落组成和多样性，及土壤碳、氮和磷循环酶的活性.结果表明：①长期生草栽培显著提高了土壤养分含量和可利用性，并不同程度提高了土壤pH （P<0.05）.②长期生草栽培改变了土壤真菌群落组成，提高了土壤真菌群落中利用易降解有机物的子囊菌门的相对丰度，而抑制了分解顽固有机质的担子菌门的生长.土壤优势属发生改变，BR和BA有利于提高能够和植物形成互利共生结构的菌根真菌的相对丰度，AS有利于提高分解动植物残体的菌根真菌的相对丰度.冗余分析结果表明，土壤肥力因子中的pH、水解性氮、微生物量氮和水溶性碳，对土壤真菌群落的组成具有显著影响.③长期生草栽培提高了参与土壤碳和氮养分周转的蔗糖酶、β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和蛋白酶的活性.除BA外，其他生草都降低了进行土壤磷周转的碱性磷酸酶的活性.相关性分析结果表明，土壤碳和氮循环酶的活性与土壤养分显著相关，磷酸酶的活性与微生物量碳氮正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）.综上所述，长期生草栽培能够提高土壤养分含量和活性，优化土壤真菌群落结构，促进土壤养分周转酶活化. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A long-term field experiment was conducted at a Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) plantation from 2011 to 2021, with the purpose of researching the effects of long-term sod cultivation on hickory plantation soil fungal communities and enzyme activities and providing experience for ecological management in other plantations. Sod cultivation included oilseed rape (Brassica chinensis, BR), Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus, AS), and oilseed rape+Chinese milk vetch (BA), and clear tillage (CT) served as a contrast. The soil fertility, fungal community composition and diversity, and soil enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that:① long-term sod cultivation significantly increased soil nutrient contents and availability, and pH increased variably from different sod cultivation treatments (P<0.05). ②The soil fungal community composition was changed by long-term sod cultivation. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, which utilized the readily decomposed organic matter, was increased, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, which degraded stubborn organic matter, decreased. Long-term sod cultivation shifted the soil dominant genera, as BR and BA increased the relative abundance of somemycorrhizal fungi that could form mutually beneficial structures with dominant plant genera after sod cultivation,whereas AS increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi that could decompose the remains of dead plants and animals. The soil fertility factors including pH, available nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, and water-soluble organic carbon were revealed to have a significant influence on the soil fungal composition (P<0.05). ③ Moreover, long-term sod cultivation stimulated the activities of soil enzymes involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycle. Apart from BA, sod cultivation treatments decreased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, which was involved in the soil P turnover. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the correlations between activities of enzymes decomposing carbon and nitrogen and soil fertility were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The activities of phosphatase were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Long-term sod cultivation could improve soil nutrient content and availability, optimized soil fungal community structure, and promoted soil nutrient turnover enzyme activities. |
|
|
|
