| 天津市空气污染的健康影响分析 |
| 摘要点击 1483 全文点击 1150 投稿时间：2022-05-08 修订日期：2022-07-26 |
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| 中文关键词 空气污染 健康效应 经济损失 重金属 多环芳烃 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 air pollution health effects economic losses heavy metals polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons health risks |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 华琨 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | hk1137042872@163.com | | 罗忠伟 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | | | 贾斌 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | | | 薛倩倩 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | | | 李亚菲 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | | | 肖致美 | 天津市生态环境监测中心, 天津 300191 | | | 吴建会 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | | | 张裕芬 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | zhafox@nankai.edu.cn | | 冯银厂 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 空气污染是影响人群健康水平的重要因素，其带来的健康影响及经济学评估对防控决策十分重要.自"大气十条"和"蓝天保卫战"等政策实施以来，天津市空气质量变化显著.对天津市2013~2020年六项常规空气污染物的健康效应及经济损失进行了评估，分析了政策实施前后PM2.5中重金属元素和多环芳烃的健康风险，并讨论了其主要组分的浓度变化.结果表明空气质量改善取得了正向的健康效益，SO2带来的健康收益最高，2020年相比2013年避免了3786例死亡.空气污染带来的健康经济损失也逐年下降，常规空气污染物导致的健康经济损失由上百亿元降低到数十亿元.但近年来O3浓度呈升高趋势，带来的健康经济损失也有所上升.冬季PM2.5中主要组分浓度均有明显下降，其载带的金属元素和多环芳烃的吸入健康风险均呈下降趋势，但Cr （Ⅵ）、As、Cd和Ni这4种元素的呼吸系统致癌风险仍未降至阈值之下.未来PM2.5和O3协同控制的健康影响规律有待更深入的研究. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Ambient air pollution is a dominant determinant of health. The health effects and economic losses due to air pollution are very important for decision-making. Since the implementation of the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" and "blue sky defense war" policies, the air quality of Tianjin has changed significantly. Here, the health effects and economic losses attributable to ambient air pollution in Tianjin from 2013 to 2020 wereestimated. For the particulate matter which has complex components, we assessed the inhalation health risks of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5. The variation in the concentration of the main components of PM2.5 was also analyzed. The results showed that improved air quality had positive health benefits. The health benefits from SO2 were the highest among the six air pollutants, and 3786 deaths were avoided in 2020 compared to in 2013 due to lower SO2 concentration. The economic losses caused by air pollutants ranged from several billion to ten billion yuan. Among the six air pollutants, particulate matter and ozone had higher health losses in recent years. The health risks of heavy metals and PAHs in PM2.5 showed a decreasing trend. However, Cr(Ⅵ), As, Cd, and Ni in PM2.5in the winter of 2020 still had respiratorysystem carcinogenic risk, whereas there was no health risk of PAHs in PM2.5in 2019-2020. The concentrations of main components of PM2.5 have decreased significantly. In the future, the reduction of health loss caused by air pollution depends on synergy governance of particulate matter and ozone and further research on health effects. |
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