| 黄河下游冲积平原轮作休耕农田土壤真菌群落结构与功能 |
| 摘要点击 1670 全文点击 491 投稿时间：2022-03-25 修订日期：2022-04-22 |
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| 中文关键词 黄河下游|轮作休耕|农田土壤|真菌群落|真菌功能 |
| 英文关键词 lower Yellow River|rotation fallow|farmland soil|fungi community structure|fungi community function |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 南镇武 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | zhwsouth@163.com | | 刘柱 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100
沈阳农业大学农学院, 沈阳 110866 | | | 孟维伟 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | | | 代红翠 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | | | 徐杰 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | | | 王娜 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | | | 刘灵艳 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | | | 王旭清 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | saaswxq@163.com | | 刘开昌 | 山东省农业科学院小麦玉米国家工程研究中心, 济南 250100 | liukc1971@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过明确不同轮作休耕方式对土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响,探索农田土壤肥力对轮作休耕方式响应的微生态变化特性,为促进黄河下游冲积平原农田生态修复和耕地质量提升提供参考依据.以2018年开始的长期轮作休耕定位试验农田土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,通过FUNGuild真菌功能预测工具,分析田间定位条件下不同轮作休耕方式［长期休耕(LF)、冬小麦-夏休耕(WF)、冬休耕-夏玉米(FM)和冬小麦-夏玉米周年轮作(WM)］,土壤真菌群落组成和功能的差异及其影响因素.结果表明,LF使耕层(0~20 cm)土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性增加,而WF则使冬小麦收获后深层(20~40 cm)土壤的真菌丰富度和多样性增加;所有土壤样本中共获得2262 OTU,划分为14门、34纲、75目、169科、309属和523种,两个土层中共有的OTU分别包含420类(0~20 cm)和253类(20~40 cm);4种轮作休耕土壤真菌群落门水平上的结构组成相似,但相对丰度各异,优势菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢菌门(Mortierellomycota),总丰度分别为91.69%~96.91%(0~20 cm)和91.67%~94.86%(20~40 cm);PCoA分析发现,PC1和PC2可以分别累计解释45.56%(0~20 cm)和46.20%(20~40 cm)的群落组成差异;LEfSe的LDA (阈值为4.0)结果可知,LF、FM、WF和WM中共有64个真菌进化枝在统计学上具有显著差异(P＜0.05);RDA分析表明,土壤有机碳(TOC)、全磷(TP)、碱解氮(AN)和含水率(SWC)同是显著影响0~40 cm土层真菌群落变化的主要环境因子(P＜0.05).通过FUNGuild功能比对发现,不同土层不同处理间的主要营养类型同为腐生营养型、腐生-共生营养型、病理-腐生-共生营养型和病理营养型,但其相对丰度存在差异;LF耕层土壤以病理-腐生-共生营养型真菌为主,深层土壤中则以病理营养型真菌相对丰度最高,而种植过小麦或玉米的处理(FM、WF和WM)两个土层都以腐生营养型为主.由此可见,不同轮作休耕方式改变了土壤真菌群落结构、多样性及营养类型,季节性休耕可用于调控集约化种植的农田土壤微生态环境,促进农田土壤生态系统健康和谐. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study was conducted to clarify the structure and function of the fungal community and the microecology change characteristics of farmland soil fertility response to different fallow rotation patterns. It aimed to provide a reference for promoting farmland ecological restoration and farmland quality improvement in the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River. Farmland soil subject to a long-term rotation fallow experiment since 2018 was studied using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, and the 'FUNGuild' fungal function prediction tool was used to analyze differences in soil fungal community structure and function under the following four rotation fallow regimes: long fallow (LF), winter wheat and summer fallow (WF), winter fallow and summer maize (FM), and annual rotation of winter wheat and summer maize (WM). The results showed that LF (fallow lasting two years) increased the richness and diversity of fungal communities in the topsoil (0-20 cm layer), whereas WF increased the richness and diversity of fungi in the deep soil (20-40 cm layer) after winter wheat harvest. A total of 2262 OTU were obtained from all soil samples, which were divided into 14 phyla, 34 classes, 75 orders, 169 families, 309 genera, and 523 species. OTU shared by the two soil layers included 420 types (0-20 cm layer) and 253 types (20-40 cm layer), respectively. The fungal community structure of the four rotation fallow soils was similar at the phylum level, mainly including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. The total abundances of the three dominant bacteria were 91.69%-96.91% (0-20 cm layer) and 91.67%-94.86% (20-40 cm layer), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) could explain the difference in community structure by 45.56% (0-20 cm layer) and 46.20% (20-40 cm layer). Additionally, the LDA results of LEfSe (threshold was 4.0) showed that there were 64 fungal evolutionary branches in LF, FM, WF, and WM with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). According to RDA analysis, total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and soil water content (SWC) were the main environmental factors that significantly affected fungal community in the 0-40 cm soil layer (P<0.05). The functional prediction with FUNGuild showed that the main nutrient types among different treatments in different soil layers were saprotrophic, saprotrophic-symbiotrophic, pathotrophic-saprotrophic-symbiotrophic, and pathotrophic. In LF, the nutrient type of topsoil was mainly pathotrophic-saprotrophic-symbiotrophic, whereas in deep soil, the relative abundance of pathotrophic fungi was the highest. Additionally, in the treatments with planted wheat or corn (FM, WF, and WM), saprotrophic was the main type in both soil layers. Therefore, different fallow patterns were linked to variation in the structure, diversity, and nutrient types of soil fungal communities. Based on these results, seasonal fallow practices could regulate the farmland soil micro-ecological environment of intensive planting and promote the health and harmony of farmland soil ecosystems. |
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