| 地下停车场VOCs污染特征与健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 1730 全文点击 1036 投稿时间：2022-02-11 修订日期：2022-03-24 |
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| 中文关键词 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 地下停车场 臭氧生成潜势(OFPs) ·OH消耗速率(L·OH) 二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAPs) 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) underground parking garage ozone formation potential (OFPs) ·OH radical reaction rate(L·OH) secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAPs) health risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘妍 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室, 天津 300071 | liuyanwork@163.com | | 杨宁 | 天津市生态环境监测中心, 天津 300192 | temc_air@126.com | | 孙露娜 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室, 天津 300071 | | | 吴亚君 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室, 天津 300071 | | | 宋鹏飞 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室, 天津 300071 | | | 赵耀 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司, 天津 300308 | | | 娄昆 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司, 天津 300308 | | | 毛洪钧 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室, 天津 300071 | hongjunm@nankai.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 机动车尾气和蒸发排放的VOCs在地下停车场的半密闭环境中不断积累，威胁居民健康.为探究停车场内挥发性有机物（VOCs）浓度水平和变化特征与车队活动水平之间的关系，阐明其对居民健康的影响，选取天津市某居民小区地下停车场，开展了为期9d的VOCs样品采集，利用臭氧生成潜势（OFPs），·OH反应速率（L·OH）和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势（SOAPs）综合评价停车场内VOCs大气反应活性，对人体健康风险进行评价.结果表明：①停车场内VOCs浓度和组分变化主要受车队活动影响，工作日和周末的浓度峰值均与进场和出场车流峰值同步出现，即早晚高峰时段，工作日和周末早高峰浓度分别为（463.76±148.42）μg·m-3和（391.47±135.37）μg·m-3，晚高峰为（334.29±176.57）μg·m-3和（416.20±134.64）μg·m-3.停车场夜间几乎没有车辆活动，但夜间ρ（VOCs）［工作日（320.33±115.57）μg·m-3；周末（364.77±155.32）μg·m-3］仍高于午间［工作日（255.76±103.65）μg·m-3；周末（350.91±108.73）μg·m-3］，且夜间时段烯炔烃质量分数明显高于其他时段，这是由于夜间车辆静置时发生昼间排放产生较多的烯烃.②烯炔烃和芳香烃对OFPs和L·OH贡献率最大（84.10%~88.04%），芳香烃对各时间段的SOAPs贡献率最大（98.03%~98.99%），说明芳香烃和烯炔烃的大气反应活性强且广泛存在于机动车源，是提高排放标准、升级油品时需首要考虑降低的关键组分.③健康风险评价结果表明，停车场内VOCs非致癌风险危险指数（HI）：0.19~0.55，暂无健康风险.而各时间段致癌风险均超过阈值（1×10-6）1.56~3.11倍，停车场作为居民每天必经场所，应开启机械通风措施保证其中空气流通性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| VOCs are an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O3), which causes atmospheric pollution and damage to human respiratory and nervous systems. Underground parking garages are characterized by concentrated emissions of exhaust and evaporation, within a semi-closed space in which the concentration of pollutants continues accumulating. Serving as a passage they must walk through, it poses a threat to the health of residents. Here, the air of an underground parking lot of a residential building in Tianjin was studied. Volatile organic compound (VOCs) samples were collected for nine days. VOCs characteristics and fleet activity were analyzed based on vehicle flow data obtained from the parking lot entry/exit management system. Ozone formation potential (OFPs),·OH radical reaction rate, and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAPs) were used to comprehensively evaluate VOCs atmospheric reactivity in the parking garage and to evaluate human health risks. These results were compared with published data from other studies on traffic pollution. The results showed:① the rise in VOCs concentration with inbound/outbound traffic flow peak appeared synchronously, namely during morning and evening rush hours. VOCs concentration was (463.76±148.42)μg·m-3and (391.47±135.37) μg·m-3 in the morning rush hour and (334.29±176.57) μg·m-3 and (416.20±134.64) μg·m-3 in the evening rush hours. Although cars barely left or drove into the garage at night, VOCs concentrations at night[(320.33±115.57) μg·m-3on weekdays and (364.77±155.32) μg·m-3 on weekends] were still higher than those at noon[(255.76±103.65) μg·m-3and (350.91±108.73) μg·m-3] owing to diurnal emissions when vehicles were parked. Moreover, the proportion of olefin at night was significantly higher than that at other periods, because a higher proportion of olefin was the main characteristic of diurnal breathing emissions. During the sampling period, the ρ (VOCs) of the parking lot were 4.39-6.46 times the atmospheric ρ (VOCs) of the same period. ② The proportion of alkanes and aromatics on weekdays and weekends was 37.33%-44.57% and 31.83%-48.81%, respectively. The proportion of alkynes and OVOCs was 10.22%-19.13% and 2.46%-5.05%, respectively. The proportion of halo-hydrocarbons in each period was the lowest, ranging from 0.40% to 1.77%. Alkenes and aromatics contributed the most to OFPs and L·OH(84.10%-88.04%). Aromatics contributed the most to SOAPs in every period (98.03%-98.99%). These results indicated that aromatics and olefins had strong atmospheric reactivity and were the main pollutants emitted by motor vehicles. For example, m/p-xylene and other active components contributed more to the secondary generation, and their content should be reduced first when gasoline is upgraded. ③ Health risk evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) in the parking lot ranged from 0.19-0.55, indicating no health risk. The carcinogenic risk in each period was 1.56-3.11 times higher than the threshold value (1×10-6). As the parking lot is a place residents must pass through every day, mechanical ventilation measures should be opened to ensure adequate air circulation. |
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