| 新疆沙雅县不同植物类型农田环境中典型农药残留及其风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 4557 全文点击 499 投稿时间：2021-10-05 修订日期：2021-12-13 |
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| 中文关键词 农药残留 风险评价 农田土壤 植物 水体 |
| 英文关键词 pesticide residues risk assessment farmland soil plants water |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 谢宣宣 | 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830017 | s.a.yanx@qq.com | | 艾力江·努尔拉 | 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830017 | aljnel@xju.edu.cn | | 买合木提·巴拉提 | 智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830017
新疆大学地理科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017 | | | 仲乃福 | 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830017 | | | 李南鑫 | 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830017 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为确定沙雅县不同植物类型所在农田环境中典型农药残留特征及潜在的人体健康和生态风险水平，于2020年9月29日采集了沙雅县9个区域的植物、土壤和水体样本共55个，采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对样品中47种典型农药赋存水平进行分析.结果表明，3种环境介质中共检出农药23种，土壤、植物和水体中农药检出范围分别为0~70.58 μg·kg-1、0~1832.18 μg·kg-1和0~188.53 μg·L-1.沙雅县3种环境介质中农药残留水平表现为植物>水体>土壤的特征，从不同植物类型区域农药检出情况来看，位于县中心的P1、P2、P6和P8区域污染最为严重，对应区域中农药负荷水平较高的植物为棉花、核桃、红枣和白杨，且残留值贡献较高的7种农药分别为：六六六、毒死蜱、氯氟氰菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、甲霜灵、苯醚甲环唑和腐霉利；对成人和儿童通过经口摄入、皮肤接触和呼吸吸入这3种途径暴露在土壤表层的农药中造成的人体健康风险进行评价，结果显示，3种方式中经口摄入作为主要暴露途径，且儿童的风险水平显著大于成年人，但两个年龄段风险水平处于可接受范围内；对蚯蚓在土壤中的生态风险水平进行评估，结果显示沙雅县单个农药对土壤中蚯蚓的潜在生态风险水平较低，联苯菊酯为最大贡献农药；对农药的联合作用进行生态风险评估，结果显示P1、P4、P7和P9区域处于中度风险，其他区域处于低风险等级，因此需限制研究区部分农药的使用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to investigate the characteristics of typical pesticide residues in farmland soil of different plant types in Shaya County and to evaluate the level of human health risk and ecological risk caused by pesticide residues, a total of 55 samples of plants, soil, and water from nine areas of Shaya county were collected on September 29, 2020. The occurrence levels of 47 typical pesticides in the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 23 pesticides were detected in three environmental media, and the maximum concentrations of pesticides in soil, plants, and water were 70.58 μg·kg-1, 1832.18 μg·kg-1, and 188.53 μg·L-1, respectively. The levels of pesticide residues in the three environmental media in Shaya county were characterized as plants>water>soil. From the detection of pesticides in different plant types, P1, P2, P6, and P8 in the center of the county were the most seriously polluted. The plants with a high pesticide load level in the corresponding areas were cotton, walnut, red jujube, and poplar, and the pesticides with a high concentration contribution were hexachlorocyclohexanes, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, fluvalinate, metalaxyl, difenoconazole, and procymidone. The human health risks of adults and children caused by oral intake, skin contact, and respiratory inhalation were evaluated. The results showed that oral intake was the main exposure route, and the risk level of children was significantly higher than that of adults but was within the acceptable range. The ecological risk level of earthworms in soil was subsequently evaluated. The results showed that the potential ecological risk level of a single pesticide was low, and the potential ecological risk level of bifenthrin was the largest. The calculation of the total ecological risk of mixed pesticides showed that areas P1, P4, P7, and P9 were at moderate risk, whereas other areas were at low risk. Therefore, the use of some pesticides in Shaya County should be restricted. |
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