| 几种有机物料对设施菜田土壤Cd、Pb生物有效性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 3163 全文点击 1039 投稿时间：2016-03-14 修订日期：2016-04-29 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 草炭 风化煤 重金属Cd、Pb污染 设施土壤 |
| 英文关键词 biochar peat danty heavy metal pollution of Cd, Pb greenhouse soil |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 周贵宇 | 辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036 | 229365460@qq.com | | 姜慧敏 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081 | jianghuimin@caas.cn | | 杨俊诚 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 张建峰 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 张水勤 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 梁雷 | 辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036 | syllshenyang@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 利用风化煤、草炭和生物炭这3种有机物料，采集陕西关中地区设施菜田土壤，通过2014~2015年两季盆栽模拟试验，研究了3种有机物料在设施菜田土壤重金属Cd、Pb单一和复合污染条件下对Cd、Pb生物有效态等赋存形态的影响，探究风化煤、草炭和生物炭对设施菜田重金属Cd、Pb污染土壤修复的可行性. 结果表明，风化煤显著降低了复合污染土壤中Cd有效态含量，达11.9%（P<0.05），并使Pb有效态含量显著降低达83.5%以上（P<0.05）；对Cd、Pb的交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态之和分别降低了26.4%~34.4%和12.0%~34.5%. 草炭显著降低了复合污染土壤中Cd有效态含量18.9%（P<0.05），分别显著降低了Pb单一和Cd、Pb复合污染土壤中Pb有效态含量2.7%和7.2%（P<0.05），对Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态三者之和分别降低了15.8%和14.6%. 生物炭提高了土壤pH 0.03~0.08个单位，分别降低了Cd有效态、Pb有效态含量4.7%~15.0%和1.0%~6.8%，Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态之和降低了11.9%~66.6%. 风化煤、草炭和生物炭使番茄地上部对Cd的累积量显著降低15.0%~38.0%（P<0.05），使复合污染条件下番茄地上部对Pb的累积量显著降低17.9%~30.0%（P<0.05）. 番茄Cd含量与土壤中Cd交换态含量呈现极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）. 番茄Pb含量与Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态三者含量之和呈现极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）. 综合来看，风化煤、草炭和生物炭这3种有机物料可以通过改变设施菜田土壤pH值和对重金属的吸附、络合等固定作用，降低土壤中Cd、Pb高活性态比例，进而减少植物对Cd、Pb的累积. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A two-season soil culture experiment was continually conducted to study the effects of three organic materials,namely Danty, Peat and Biochar,respectively,on combined forms and bio-availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under Cd and Pb in single and combined pollution during 2014-2015. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for remediating greenhouse soil contaminated with heavy metals Cd and Pb using organic materials. The main results were as follows: the content of DTPA-Cd decreased significantly by 11.9%(P<0.05) in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the application of danty, the total of exchangeable Cd, carbonate-bound Cd and iron-manganese oxide bound Cd was reduced by 26.4% and 34.4% in the soil, and the accumulation of Cd in shoots was significantly cut down by 32.0% and 28.0% (P<0.05) respectively in Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution after applying danty; the content of DTPA-Pb was significantly depleted by 83.5% and 83.8%(P<0.05), the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 34.5% and 13.9% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 32.0% and 30.0% (P<0.05) in Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution respectively as the use of danty. The content of DTPA-Cd was significantly decreased by 18.9% (P<0.05) in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the use of peat, the accumulation of Cd in shoots was reduced by 38.0% and 23.4%(P<0.05) in Cd single and Cd-Pb combined pollution respectively after the application of peat; The content of DTPA-Pb was significantly decreased by 2.7% and 7.2%(P<0.05), the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 15.8% and 14.6% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 12.7% and 23.4% (P<0.05) respectively in Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution due to the application of peat. The pH value of the soil was increased by the use of biochar, the content of DTPA-Cd was reduced by 4.7% and 15.0% respectively in the soil of Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution, and the accumulation of Cd in shoots was significantly minified by 38.0% and 23.4% respectively in Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution as the application of biochar. The content of DTPA-Pb was decreased by 6.8% and 1.0% and the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was cut down by 11.9% and 30.0% in the soil of Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution respectively by the application of biochar. The content of Cd in plant was most significantly positively correlated with the content of exchangeable Cd in soil (P<0.01). The content of Pb in plant was most significantly positively correlated with the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb (P<0.01). In summary, after the application of danty, peat and biochar, the proportion of highly active content of Cd and Pb was minified through adjusting soil pH and immobilizing Cd and Pb by means of adsorption and complexation in greenhouse soil. With the analysis of input-output, the application of danty, peat and biochar costs 4050 yuan·hm-2, 11250 yuan·hm-2 and 22500 yuan·hm-2, respectively. Thus danty, peat and biochar could be used as effective organic agents in the remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated greenhouse soil. |
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