| 电子垃圾拆解回收VOCs排放特征与排放因子 |
| 摘要点击 1992 全文点击 777 投稿时间：2021-04-15 修订日期：2021-06-21 |
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| 中文关键词 电子垃圾拆解回收 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 排放特征 排放因子 有组织排放 |
| 英文关键词 E-waste dismantling and recycling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission characteristics emission factors organized emission |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 谢丹平 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | xiedanping@scies.org | | 黄忠辉 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | | | 刘旺 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | | | 聂鹏 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | | | 黄钟坤 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | huangzhonghui@scies.org | | 贺辉 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | | | 陈晓燕 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510655 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 电子垃圾拆解回收过程中的高温处理往往产生大量挥发性有机物（VOCs），对周边环境及人体健康产生不可忽视的影响.本研究选取某电子垃圾集中拆解回收场，对场区加热烤板车间、塑料制粒车间、湿法提取车间和火法冶炼车间废气处理设施排放口的VOCs浓度和组分进行监测，分析了不同生产工艺VOCs排放特征及其总VOCs排放因子.结果表明，不同生产工艺有组织排放的ρ（总VOCs）差异较大，其排序为：加热烤板-加热滚板炉工艺[（2096.1±732.4）μg·m-3] > 塑料制粒工艺[（1639.1±538.5）μg·m-3] > 加热烤板-电热炉工艺[（625.3±535.5）μg·m-3] > 火法冶炼工艺[（436.8±305.2）μg·m-3] > 湿法提取工艺[（271.3±73.1）μg·m-3].不同生产工艺有组织排放的VOCs组成差异也较大，但总体以含氧化合物和芳香烃为主，具体组分特征为加热烤板（包括加热滚板炉工艺和电热炉工艺）排放的VOCs主要成分为含氧化合物和芳香烃，两类物质总和质量分数为74.1%~79.7%；塑料制粒工艺有组织排放的VOCs主要成分是芳香烃和含氧化合物，两类物质总和质量分数为71.8%；含氧化合物和芳香烃是湿法提取工艺有组织排放的VOCs主要成分，两类物质贡献率接近，且总和质量分数达到84.2%；卤代烃是火法冶炼工艺有组织排放的VOCs中最主要的成分，质量分数高达92.1%.不同生产工艺总VOCs排放因子差异也很显著，其均值排序为：加热烤板-电热炉工艺（297.0 g·t-1） > 塑料制粒工艺（29.5 g·t-1） > 湿法提取工艺（25.4 g·t-1） > 加热烤板-加热滚板炉工艺（25.2 g·t-1） > 火法冶炼工艺（1.9 g·t-1）.因此，电子垃圾拆解回收行业主要排放VOCs的工艺是加热烤板工艺和塑料制粒工艺. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from the high temperature treatment process in the dismantling and recycling procedure of e-wastes, which has a significant impact on the surrounding environment and human health. In this study, an e-waste dismantling and recycling yard was selected to measure the VOCs concentrations and compositions in the exhaust of treatment facilities of heating baking board, plastic granulation, wet extraction, and pyrometallurgical workshops, and the emission characteristics of VOCs and emission factors for total VOCs from different production processes were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in total VOCs emission concentrations among different production processes. The concentrations of total VOCs produced in different workshops followed the descending order of the heating baking board (heating rotary plate furnace) process[(2096.1±732.4) μg·m-3] > plastic granulation process[(1639.1±538.5) μg·m-3] > heating baking board (electric heater) process[(625.3±535.5) μg·m-3] > pyrometallurgical process[(436.8±305.2) μg·m-3] > wet extraction process[(271.3±73.1) μg·m-3]. The compositions of VOCs emitted from different production processes were also clearly different; however, the major components of VOCs were generally oxygenated compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons. The specific component characteristics were as follows:the dominant groups of VOCs emitted from the heating baking board process (including heating rotary plate furnaces and electric heaters) were oxygenated compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 74.1%-79.7% of the total. The main components of VOCs emitted from the pelletizing process were aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Oxygenated compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, which contributed equally, were also the main groups of VOCs discharged by the wet extraction process, and the sum proportion of the two groups was 84.2%. Halogenated hydrocarbon was the dominant group of VOCs from the pyrometallurgical process, accounting for 92.1% of the sum of VOCs. There was a substantial divergence in the total VOCs emission factors of different production processes. The ranking of the mean values of emission factors of total VOCs was as follows:the heating baking board (electric heater) process (297.0 g·t-1) > plastic granulation process (29.5 g·t-1) > wet extraction process (25.4 g·t-1) > heating baking board (heating rotary plate furnace) process (25.2 g·t-1) > pyrometallurgical process (1.9 g·t-1). Therefore, the main VOCs emission processes of the e-waste centralized dismantling and recycling industry were the heating baking board process and plastic granulation process. |
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