| 污水分析方法监测城市毒品滥用长期趋势 |
| 摘要点击 1938 全文点击 547 投稿时间：2021-04-19 修订日期：2021-06-01 |
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| 中文关键词 污水 大连市 毒品 衍生化 趋势 |
| 英文关键词 wastewater Dalian illicit drugs derivatization trends |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 毒品滥用问题是全球广泛关注的社会问题，对城市毒品滥用情况进行长期监测具有重要意义.采用污水流行病学的方法，对大连市毒品的滥用情况进行连续长期调查.2020~2021年采集大连市22个污水处理厂的进口污水，通过气相色谱衍生化方法分析测定甲基苯丙胺、海洛因、氯胺酮、摇头丸和可卡因的生物标志物的浓度，即其尿液代谢产物甲基苯丙胺、吗啡、氯胺酮、摇头丸和苯甲酰芽子碱.结果表明，2020年ρ（甲基苯丙胺）、ρ（吗啡）和ρ（氯胺酮）均值分别为23.69、23.21和2.40 ng·L-1；2021年均值分别为20.64、20.92和0.47 ng·L-1，在所有的污水样品中均未检测出摇头丸和苯甲酰芽子碱，根据相关信息估算5种毒品的人均滥用量，并结合往年监测数据分析大连市这5种毒品的滥用趋势.甲基苯丙胺和海洛因滥用量均在2019年有上升趋势，2020大幅度下降，2021年基本保持不变；氯胺酮的滥用则一直处于较低水平.本研究为大连市实时监控毒品滥用情况提供科学依据，对防治毒品犯罪具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Illicit drug abuse is a social issue of global concern, and it is of great significance to monitor the situation of illicit drug abuse in cities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was employed to investigate the abuse of illicit drugs in Dalian. Wastewater samples were collected from 22 wastewater treatment plants in Dalian from 2020 to 2021. The concentrations of biomarkers of methamphetamine (METH), heroin (HER), ketamine (KET), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and cocaine (COC) and the urine metabolites methamphetamine, morphine, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and benzoylecgonine (BE) were analyzed and determined using the gas chromatography derivatization method. The results showed that the mean ρ(methamphetamine), ρ(morphine), and ρ(ketamine) in 2020 were 23.69, 23.21, and 2.40 ng·L-1, respectively, and their respective mean concentrations in 2021 were 20.64, 20.92, and 0.47 ng·L-1. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and benzoylecgonine were not detected in any samples. According to the relevant information, the consumption of five illicit drugs was estimated, and their abuse trends in Dalian were analyzed based on the monitoring data from previous years. The consumption of methamphetamine and heroin increased in 2019 and significantly decreased in 2020, remaining basically unchanged until 2021. The level of ketamine abuse remained at a low level. This study provides the basis for the real-time monitoring of drug abuse in Dalian, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of illicit drug crimes. |
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