| 酒糟灰渣对酸性紫色土细菌群落结构的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2918 全文点击 577 投稿时间：2024-06-24 修订日期：2024-09-19 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤改良剂 紫色土 细菌群落结构 酒糟灰渣 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词 soil conditioner purple soil bacterial community structure distiller's grain ash high-throughput sequencing |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202406234 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 酒糟灰渣和生物炭作为酸性土壤改良剂对耕地质量提升具有重要作用,为评估酒糟灰渣对酸性紫色土细菌群落结构的影响. 通过田间试验,设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）、石灰+化肥（LF）、有机肥+化肥（OF）、生物炭+化肥（BF）和酒糟灰渣+化肥（JF）这6个处理,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析了不同处理对酸性紫色土理化性质和细菌群落多样性、群落结构及差异类群的影响. 结果表明,与CK处理相比,所有改良剂处理均显著提高了酸性紫色土pH、速效养分、有机质和可溶性碳含量（P<0.05）. 不同处理对酸性紫色土壤细菌丰富度指数（Chao1指数）的影响表现为：JF>OF>CK>F>BF>LF,细菌多样性指数（Shannon指数）表现为：OF>CK>F>JF>BF>LF. 主成分分析（PCA）及β多样性分析结果显示,不同改良剂处理显著改变了酸性紫色土壤细菌群落结构（P=0.001）；与CK相比,改良剂处理有效提高了土壤细菌的特异性ASVs数量,其中JF处理提高了50.7%,效果最显著. 各处理土壤细菌的优势菌门均为放线菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门,JF处理有效富集了有益于土壤健康和促进作物生长的功能菌群,增加了根戈德里谷氨酸杆菌属（Paeniglutamicibacter）和红球菌属（Rhodococcus）等. Mantel分析、相关性热图和冗余分析显示,土壤有机质、pH和总有机碳是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要环境因子,其中,土壤pH对细菌群落多样性正向影响最大. 总体而言,不同土壤改良剂对细菌群落的影响机制和效果存在差异,其中施用酒糟灰渣和生物炭对改良酸性紫色土理化性质和提高微生物活性效果均较好,特别是增加了放线菌门的丰度,是一种很好的酸性土壤改良剂. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Distillers' grains ash and biochar play a crucial role as ameliorants for improving the quality of acidic soils. To evaluate the impact of distillers' grains ash on the bacterial community structure in acidic purple soil, a field experiment was conducted with six treatments as follows： no fertilizer （CK）, chemical fertilizer alone （F）, lime + chemical fertilizer （LF）, organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer （OF）, biochar + chemical fertilizer （BF）, and distillers' grains ash + chemical fertilizer （JF）. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the effects of different treatments on the physicochemical properties, bacterial community diversity, community structure, and functional groups of the acidic purple soil. The results showed that, compared to the CK treatment, all ameliorant treatments significantly increased the pH, available nutrients, organic matter, and soluble carbon content of the acidic purple soil （P < 0.05）. The effects of different treatments on the bacterial richness index （Chao1 index） of acidic purple soil were as follows： JF>OF>CK>F>BF>LF, while the bacterial diversity index （Shannon index） was： OF>CK>F>JF>BF>LF. Principal component analysis （PCA） and β-diversity analysis indicated that different ameliorant treatments significantly altered the bacterial community structure of acidic purple soil （P = 0.001）. Compared to CK, the ameliorant treatments effectively increased the number of specific ASVs in the soil bacteria, with the JF treatment showing the most significant increase of 50.7%. The dominant bacterial phyla in all treatments were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with the JF treatment effectively enriching functional bacterial groups beneficial for soil health and promoting crop growth, such as Paeniglutamicibacter and Rhodococcus. Mantel test, correlation heatmap, and redundancy analyses showed that soil organic matter, pH, and total organic carbon were the main environmental factors influencing the bacterial community structure, with soil pH having the most significant positive impact on bacterial community diversity. Overall, different soil ameliorants had varying mechanisms and effects on bacterial communities. The application of distiller's grains ash and biochar demonstrated superior effectiveness in improving the physicochemical properties of acidic purple soil and enhancing microbial activity, particularly increasing the abundance of Actinobacteria, making them excellent ameliorants for acidic soils. |
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