| 黑龙江省西部半干旱区生态安全格局构建与优化 |
| 摘要点击 3075 全文点击 698 投稿时间：2024-08-22 修订日期：2024-10-04 |
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| 中文关键词 生态安全格局 电路理论 生态系统服务 形态学空间格局分析（MSPA） 复杂网络理论 黑龙江省西部半干旱区 |
| 英文关键词 ecological security pattern circuit theory ecosystem services morphological spatial pattern analysis（MSPA） complex network theory semi-arid region of western Heilongjiang Province |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202408195 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 构建生态安全格局是保护生物多样性和维持生态系统服务的关键举措. 当前,生态安全格局构建的研究多聚焦于自然保护区或特定土地利用类型作为生态源地的分析,而忽略了生态源地间潜在生态服务连通性和稳定性的影响. 基于此,以黑龙江省西部半干旱区为例,提出了结合生态系统服务与形态学空间格局分析的生态源地识别方法,通过综合考量研究区的自然地理条件与人为活动因素构建阻力面,并采用电路理论划定生态安全格局,进一步利用复杂网络理论对生态网络进行优化以提升生态安全性. 结果表明：①研究区生态系统服务呈现明显的空间异质性,2000年、2010年和2020年重要等级生态系统服务的面积分别为78 716、84 267和82 849 km2,占区域总面积的比例依次为50.21%、53.75%和52.85%；②研究区生态源地的景观破碎化程度较高,生态源地面积占研究区总面积的23%以上,在阻力面空间分布方面,中部地区生态阻力较高,而东部林地则相对较低,2000年、2010年和2020年生态阻力面的平均阻力值分别为2.15、2.07和2.17；③生态廊道的空间分布同样具有强烈的空间异质性,通过增设潜在生态廊道可有效增强生态网络的稳定性和连通性,基于复杂理论对生态廊道进行优化并提出了“一带、两区、多岛、一中心”的生态安全格局. 研究结果不仅为区域生境质量恢复与空间布局优化提供新的视角与策略,也可为省域生态系统可持续发展提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Constructing an ecological security pattern is a crucial measure for safeguarding biodiversity and upholding ecosystem services. Current research on the construction of ecological security patterns often focuses on natural reserves or specific land-use types as ecological sources, while overlooking the connectivity and stability of potential ecosystem services. In light of this, this study proposes a method for extracting ecological sources based on ecosystem services and morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA） in the semi-arid region of western Heilongjiang Province. A resistance surface was created by considering both the natural environment and human activities in the study area, and subsequently, circuit theory was employed to determine the ecological security pattern. Furthermore, complex network theory was utilized to identify an optimized ecological network security. The findings revealed the following： ① Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem services within the region was significant. The areas with high-level ecosystem services in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 78 716 km2, 84 267 km2, and 82 849 km2, respectively, accounting for 50.21%, 53.75%, and 52.85% of the total area, respectively. ② Landscape fragmentation of ecological sources was pronounced, with ecological sources covering over 23% of the study area. The central region exhibited higher resistance values while the eastern forest area showed lower resistance values. The average resistance values of ecological resistance surfaces for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 were recorded as being at levels of approximately 2.15, 2.07, and 2.17, respectively. ③ Ecological corridors demonstrated notable spatial heterogeneity. The augmentation of potential ecological corridors could significantly enhance stability and connectivity within the ecological network. Based on complex theory, the optimization process for ecological corridor planning resulted in a proposed optimized pattern termed “One Belt, Two Zones, Multiple Islands, and One Center” for achieving an enhanced level of ecological security. The study offers novel insights into the restoration and enhancement of the regional ecological environment and spatial layout, providing scientific evidence for promoting sustainable development in the provincial ecosystem. By integrating ecosystem services evaluation with MSPA and complex network theory, this approach emphasizes the importance of considering both natural environmental factors and anthropogenic influences when constructing a resilient ecological network. The findings underscore the imperative to enhance landscape connectivity and stability to ensure long-term ecological sustainability. The proposed ecological security pattern aims to strike a balance between ecological protection and regional development, guaranteeing the maintenance and improvement of ecological functions across western Heilongjiang Province's semi-arid region. This research can serve as an exemplary model for other regions grappling with similar challenges related to ecology and environment, thereby contributing significantly to the broader field of landscape ecology and conservation planning. |
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