| 基于CRITIC客观赋权法的三江源国家公园生态敏感性评价 |
| 摘要点击 2758 全文点击 599 投稿时间：2024-07-21 修订日期：2024-09-23 |
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| 中文关键词 生态敏感性 指标体系 CRITIC客观赋权 空间分析 三江源国家公园 |
| 英文关键词 ecological sensitivity index system CRITIC objective weighting spatial analysis Three-River-Source National Park |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202407221 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生态敏感性评价是直观体现区域在生态失衡状态下发生潜在生态环境风险的概率评估. 为有效衡量三江源国家公园环境变迁和人类活动对生态系统的综合影响,针对三江源国家公园的区位特征和生态本底,通过定量构建地形、气候、土壤、植被、物种、水资源和人类活动等多维度评价指标体系,利用CRITIC客观赋权法对三江源生态敏感性进行综合评价,并采用GeoDa软件对其生态敏感性各评价因子进行空间自相关验证分析,探讨其保护管理区划. 结果表明：①野生动物栖息地缓冲距离、土地利用类型和高程是评价三江源生态敏感性权重最大的3个因素,其权重分别为7.501%、7.38%和7.189%；②三江源国家公园综合生态敏感度属于中度敏感,研究区综合敏感性由西北向东南递增,综合敏感性指数在1.65~4.00之间,中高度敏感性区域面积超过全域总面积的50%,以湖泊河流及植被保护区和高海拔地区居多,是出现生态问题的高频区域；③三江源国家公园生态敏感性评价因子具有显著的空间自相关性和高度的空间聚集性,在空间上呈连片连带式分布,需要优先进行生态管理的热点区域重点分布在澜沧江和黄河源园区中心. 研究结果可以为三江源国家公园生态保护和环境可持续发展提供参考,从而有效推动分区保护管理措施的制定. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Ecological sensitivity assessment is a probability assessment that intuitively reflects the potential ecological and environmental risks in a region under ecological imbalance. Utilizing ecological sensitivity assessment enables the precise identification of sites and areas that require priority environmental construction and protection, allowing for targeted conservation efforts in these regions. To effectively measure the comprehensive impact of environmental changes and human activities on the ecosystem of the Three-Rivers-Source National Park, as well as to explore the key areas where regional ecological issues occur, the following steps are taken： First, based on the location characteristics and ecological background of the Three-Rivers-Source National Park, a multi-dimensional evaluation index system was quantitatively constructed, including topography, climate, soil, vegetation, species, water resources, and human activities. Second, the CRITIC objective weighting method was used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological sensitivity of the Three-Rivers-Source. The CRITIC objective weighting method fully considers the magnitude of indicator variations and the correlations between indicators. Compared to subjective weight assignment methods, it is better able to reflect the influence of evaluation factors on comprehensive weights, thereby further enhancing the accuracy of the data, which is also an innovative aspect of the study. Finally, the GeoDa software was used to conduct spatial autocorrelation verification analysis on the evaluation factors of ecological sensitivity and to discuss the zoning of protection and management areas. The results showed： ① The buffering distance of wildlife habitats, land use types, and elevation were the three factors with the highest weights in evaluating the ecological sensitivity of the Three-Rivers-Source, with weights of 7.501%, 7.38%, and 7.189%, respectively. ② The Three-Rivers-Source National Park was categorized as having a moderately sensitive ecological status. The comprehensive sensitivity of the study area increased from the northwest to the southeast. The composite sensitivity index ranged between 1.65 and 4.00, with areas of high and very high sensitivity accounting for more than 50% of the total area. These regions were predominantly characterized by the presence of lakes, rivers, and vegetation conservation areas, as well as high-altitude areas, which were frequent sites for ecological issues. ③ The evaluation factors of ecological sensitivity in the Three-Rivers-Source National Park showed significant spatial autocorrelation and high spatial clustering, distributed in a contiguous and cohesive pattern on the spatial level. Hotspots that require priority ecological management were mainly concentrated in the Lancang River and Yellow River source areas. The purpose of the study was to explore the theory and methods of ecological environment protection in the Three-Rivers-Source National Park. The research results can provide reference for ecological protection and sustainable development in the park, ensuring that the ecological environment and socio-economic aspects develop in an orderly and coordinated manner, effectively promoting the formulation of zonal protection management measures. |
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