| 不同种植制度对豫南稻田土壤质量的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1162 全文点击 4 投稿时间：2025-08-08 修订日期：2025-11-14 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤理化性质 团聚体特性 土壤酶活性 土壤质量指数（SQI） 种植制度 |
| 英文关键词 soil physicochemical properties aggregate characteristics soil enzyme activity soil quality index（SQI） cropping system |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202508086 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张济世 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | jishizhang1227@163.com | | 郑春风 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 陶敏 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 李敏 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 合肥 230031 | | | 杜光辉 | 信阳市农业科学院, 信阳 464000 | | | 张琳 | 信阳市农业科学院, 信阳 464000 | | | 张成兰 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 王公卿 | 河南省农业农村科技教育中心, 郑州 450002 | wanggqhnnyt@126.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究基于水稻的不同种植制度对豫南稻田土壤质量的影响，以定位6a的5种种植制度为研究对象：休耕-水稻轮作（F）、小麦-水稻-油菜-水稻轮作（WR）、绿肥-水稻-小麦-水稻-油菜-水稻轮作（GWR）、绿肥-水稻-小麦-水稻轮作（GW）和小麦-水稻-绿肥-水稻-绿肥-水稻轮作（WGG），从土壤理化性质、团聚体特性和土壤酶活性等方面综合评价不同种植制度对豫南稻田土壤质量的影响，以及探明影响豫南稻田土壤质量的关键土壤指标. 结果表明，与WR处理（集约化种植制度）相比，GWR、GW和WGG处理（引入绿肥种植制度）显著降低了土壤容重（BD），降幅为12.80%~23.68%，提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和全氮（TN）含量，分别为43.87%~90.88%和18.52%~77.78%，而F处理（季节性休耕种植制度）也显著提高了SOC含量和TN 含量，分别为83.33%和34.57%. GWR、GW和WGG和F处理较WR处理显著降低了<0.25 mm粒径的团聚体平均质量分数，降幅为21.87%~53.24%，而显著增加了>5 mm和0.25~2 mm粒径的团聚体平均质量分数，进而提高了团聚体平均质量直径（MWD），并且GW和WGG和F处理较WR处理也显著提高了各级粒径的SOC和TN含量. 相关性分析也表明，除了2~5 mm粒径的团聚体的TN含量之外，各级粒径的SOC和TN含量均与MWD呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）. GWR、GW和WGG处理的碳获取酶活性（C-acq）和氮获取酶活性（N-acq）显著高于F处理，提高幅度分别为44.02%~66.66%和54.16%~88.72%，而F处理的C-acq较WR处理显著提高了44.20%，但N-acq与WR处理无显著差异. GWR、GW、WGG和F处理的土壤质量指数（SQI）较WR处理显著提高了53.09%~109.20%，尤其是WGG效果最好. 相关性分析发现，SQI与MWD、SOC、TN和C-acq呈显著正相关（P<0.01），而与BD呈显著负相关（P<0.05）. 随机森林模型分析表明，MWD、TN、SOC和C-acq是显著影响SQI主要土壤指标（P<0.05）. 综上所述，长期引入绿肥的种植制度改善了土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性，有助于稻田土壤质量的提升，有利于区域农业的绿色可持续发展. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the effects of different rice-based cropping systems on soil quality in paddy fields of southern Henan， a long-term （6-year） experiment with five distinct cropping systems was conducted： fallow-rice rotation （F）， wheat-rice-rapeseed-rice rotation （WR）， green manure-rice-wheat-rice-rapeseed-rice rotation （GWR）， green manure-rice-wheat-rice rotation （GW）， and wheat-rice-green manure-rice-green manure-rice rotation （WGG）. Soil quality was comprehensively evaluated through physicochemical properties， aggregate characteristics， and enzyme activities to identify key indicators. The results showed that compared with that under the intensive planting system （WR treatment）， the GWR， GW， and WGG treatments （incorporating green manure into the planting system） significantly reduced soil bulk density （BD） by 12.80%-23.68% and increased soil organic carbon （SOC） content by 43.87%-90.88% and total nitrogen （TN） content by 18.52%-77.78%， while the seasonal fallow planting system （F treatment） also significantly increased SOC content by 83.33% and TN content by 34.57%. The GWR， GW， WGG， and F treatments significantly reduced the average mass fraction of aggregates with a particle size of <0.25 mm by 21.87%-53.24% compared to that under the WR treatment， while it significantly increased the average mass fraction of aggregates with a particle size of >5 mm and 0.25-2 mm， thereby improving the average weight diameter （MWD） of aggregates. Moreover， the GW， WGG， and F treatments also significantly increased the SOC and TN contents of various particle sizes compared to those under the WR treatment. Correlation analysis also showed that the SOC and TN contents of all particle sizes （except TN in 2-5 mm） were significantly positively correlated with MWD （P<0.05）. The C-acquiring enzymes activity （C-acq） and N-acquiring enzymes activity （N-acq） of the GWR， GW， and WGG treatments were significantly higher than those of the F treatment， ranging from 44.02% to 66.66% and 54.16% to 88.72%， respectively. Compared with that of the WR treatment， the C-acq of the F treatment was significantly increased by 44.20%， but there was no significant difference between N-acq and the WR treatment. The soil quality index （SQI） of the GWR， GW， WGG， and F treatments significantly increased by 53.09%-109.20% compared to that of the WR treatment， with WGG showing the greatest improvement. Correlation analysis showed that SQI correlated positively with MWD， SOC， TN， and C-acquiring enzymes （P<0.01） and negatively with BD （P<0.05）. Random forest analysis identified MWD， TN， SOC， and C-acquiring enzymes as primary determinants of SQI （P<0.05）. In summary， these findings demonstrate that long-term green manure incorporation enhances soil physicochemical properties， aggregate stability， and enzymatic activity， thereby improving paddy soil quality and supporting regional agricultural sustainability. |
