| 黄河三角洲生境破碎化与生态系统服务关系 |
| 摘要点击 246 全文点击 3 投稿时间：2025-07-18 修订日期：2025-10-25 |
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| 中文关键词 生境破碎化 生态系统服务（ESs） 时空演变 GTWR模型 分区治理 黄河三角洲 |
| 英文关键词 habitat fragmentation ecosystem services（ESs） spatiotemporal evolution GTWR model zoning management Yellow River Delta |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507248 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生态系统服务关系人类福祉，其可持续供给可为区域的生态安全和可持续发展提供保障，而景观格局演变与破碎化是如何影响向人类提供的服务仍有待探究. 采用最佳景观分析尺度理论选取分析粒度与范围，以熵权法计算生境破碎化综合指数；基于InVEST模型和食物供给估算模型，统计黄河三角洲气象因子、土地利用类型、归一化植被指数和数字高程等数据，分析黄河三角洲1990~2020年碳储量、生境质量、土壤保持、产水量和粮食产量这5种重要生态系统服务功能的时空分布特征；借助时空地理加权回归模型（GTWR）对研究区的生境破碎化程度与生态系统服务功能的时空关系动态进行描述与评价. 结果表明：①研究区生境破碎化程度呈现“先减缓后加剧”的波动趋势，整体以中低程度破碎化为主，但高度和极高破碎化比例有所上升. ②生态系统服务时空分异显著，碳储量“西南高、东北低”与产水量“东南高、西北低”的分布格局凸显了自然地理基底的约束作用，而生境质量“东高北升”与粮食产量“内陆高、沿海低”则直接响应了生态保护政策与农业垦殖强度的空间梯度. ③生境破碎化对生态系统服务的影响存在显著的服务特异性与时空非平稳性. GTWR模型揭示，其对碳储量和粮食产量的影响主要表现为抑制作用，而在东部生态工程区出现的“可控破碎化”通过增强潜在景观功能连通性，对生境质量与水源涵养功能产生了正向增益，突破了“破碎化即生态退化”的单一认知. ④基于影响机制的时空异质性，研究提出了“西部控退化、东部促增益、南部防风险”的分区治理方式. 研究表明，未来的生态管理需从单一遏制转向精准引导，通过调控景观过程本身来实现区域生态系统服务的整体提升. 研究结果可为黄河三角洲以及相似区域的生态保护策略制定提供一定的科学支撑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Ecosystem services are related to human well-being. Their sustainable supply can provide guarantees for regional ecological security and sustainable development. However， how the evolution and fragmentation of landscape patterns affect the services provided to humans remains to be explored. The optimal landscape analysis scale theory was adopted to select the analysis granularity and range， and the entropy weight method was used to calculate the comprehensive index of habitat fragmentation. Based on the InVEST model and the food supply estimation model， data such as meteorological factors， land use types， normalized vegetation index， and digital elevation in the Yellow River Delta were statistically analyzed to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of five important ecosystem service functions， namely carbon storage， habitat quality， soil conservation， water production， and grain output， in the Yellow River Delta from 1990 to 2020. The spatio-temporal relationship dynamics between the degree of habitat fragmentation and ecosystem service functions in the study area was described and evaluated by means of the spatio-temporal geographic weighted regression model （GTWR）. The results show that： ① The degree of habitat fragmentation in the study area presented a fluctuating trend of “first slowing down and then intensifying.” Overall， it was mainly at a medium and low degree of fragmentation， but the proportions of high and extremely high fragmentation have increased. ② The spatio-temporal differentiation of ecosystem services was significant. The distribution pattern of carbon storage being “high in the southwest and low in the northeast” and water production being “high in the southeast and low in the northwest” highlighted the restrictive role of the natural geographical base. Meanwhile， the habitat quality being “high in the east and rising in the north” and the grain output being “high in the inland and low in the coastal areas” directly responded to the spatial gradient of ecological protection policies and agricultural reclamation intensity. ③ The impact of habitat fragmentation on ecosystem services showed significant service specificity and spatio-temporal non-stationarity. The GTWR model revealed that its impact on carbon storage and grain output was mainly manifested as an inhibitory effect. However， the “controllable fragmentation” that emerged in the eastern ecological engineering area has brought positive benefits to habitat quality and water conservation function by enhancing the connectivity of potential landscape functions， breaking through the single understanding that “fragmentation is ecological degradation.” ④ Based on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the influence mechanism， the research has proposed a zonal governance approach of “controlling degradation in the west， promoting gain in the east， and preventing risks in the south.” The research shows that future ecological management needs to shift from single containment to precise guidance， achieving an overall improvement in regional ecosystem services by regulating the landscape process itself. The research results can provide certain scientific support for the formulation of ecological protection strategies in the Yellow River Delta and similar areas. |
