| 有机物料配施白云石对酸性黄壤和玉米生长的影响 |
| 摘要点击 606 全文点击 17 投稿时间：2025-07-29 修订日期：2025-09-30 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 酸性黄壤 有机肥 生物炭 白云石 土壤改良 |
| 英文关键词 acidic yellow soil organic fertilizer biochar dolomite soil improvement |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507380 |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 我国西南地区黄壤酸化问题突出，为发挥酸性黄壤新质生产力，通过设置不施任何改良剂（CK）、单施有机肥（OF）、单施生物炭（BC）、有机肥配施白云石（OF+D）和生物炭配施白云石（BC+D）这5个处理开展研究，以期明确适配于酸化黄壤高质长效的综合改良策略. 结果表明：①OF+D 显著降低了25.9%的交换性氢和34.1%的交换性铝，提高了45.8%的盐基饱和度和0.43个单位的pH，并能够及时缓冲根层附近酸性物质输入，减少潜性酸水解造成的土壤pH剧烈波动，实现最佳的控酸阻酸效果. ② BC和BC+D促使土壤水氮均匀分布，而OF和OF+D对增加土壤水氮储量效果更显著；OF+D将全氮、有机碳和有效磷分别提升9.1%、12.4%和551.6%，BC+D则呈现拮抗效果. ③玉米干物质积累表现为：OF+D>BC+D>OF>BC>CK，配施白云石的两个处理在玉米拔节期前便表现出显著优势，并在此后有效加速籽粒生物量与氮素的协同积累，其中OF+D下玉米产量、氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力分别增加10.3%、73.8%和10.3%，产效协同效果明显提高. 因此，从调酸控酸、土壤培肥和稳产增效综合考虑，有机肥配施白云石具备最为理想的酸性黄壤改良和玉米产量提升效果. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The problem of acidification of yellow soil in the southwest of China is prominent. To rejuvenate the new quality productive forces of acidic yellow soil， five treatments were set up： no amendment （CK）， organic fertilizer （OF）， biochar （BC）， biochar + dolomite （BC+D）， and organic fertilizer + dolomite （OF+D）. The aim was to identify a comprehensive improvement plan suitable for high-quality and long-term acidified yellow soil. The results showed that： ① OF+D significantly reduced exchangeable hydrogen by 25.9% and exchangeable aluminum by 34.1%， increased base saturation by 45.8% and pH by 0.43 units， and could promptly buffer the input of acidic substances near the root layer， reducing the sharp fluctuations in pH caused by the hydrolysis of potential acid， achieving the best acid control and prevention. ② BC and BC+D promoted the uniform distribution of soil water and nitrogen， while OF and OF+D were more effective in increasing water and nitrogen reserves. Particularly， OF+D increased total nitrogen， organic carbon， and available phosphorus by 9.1%， 12.4%， and 551.6%， respectively， while BC+D showed antagonistic effects. ③ The dry matter accumulation of corn was in the order of OF+D>BC+D>OF>BC>CK. The significant advantages were shown before the jointing stage after the application of dolomite， and the accumulation of grain biomass and nitrogen was accelerated thereafter. The yield， nitrogen uptake efficiency， and partial factor productivity of nitrogen of OF+D increased by 10.3%，73.8%， and 10.3%， respectively， and the production efficiency was improved in a coordinated manner. Therefore， considering the comprehensive aspects of acid regulation and control， soil fertility improvement， and stable and increased production， the application of organic fertilizer combined with dolomite is the most ideal approach for the improvement of acidic yellow soil and the increase of corn yield. |
